卷荚相思人工林营养元素的生物地球化学循环特征

采用标准样地法对广西南宁市8年生卷荚相思Acacia cincinnata人工林的N、P、K、Ca和Mg 5种营养元素的含量、积累量、分布与生物地球化学循环进行了研究.结果表明:(1)卷荚相思不同器官营养元素含量以树叶为最高,干材最低,各器官中营养元素含量以N最高,其次是K和Ca,Mg和P最低.(2)卷荚相思人工林营养元素积累量为823.80 kg/hm2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层和凋落物层分别占64.86%、20.59%、5.20%和9.35%;(3)卷荚相思人工林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量分别为151.30、84.48和66.82 kg.hm-2.年-1,年归还量占年吸收量的55.84%;(4)卷荚相思人工林营养元素循环系数为0.56,循环速率依次为Mg>Ca>N>K>P.     

Reproductive and productivity traits of goats grazing Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. with and without daily PEG supplementation

A grazing experiment, conducted for 90 days compared the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) supplementation on postpartum reproductive traits and productivity of suckling goats grazing Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. A total of 54 native adult goats (34.4 ± 5.49 kg) were randomly allocated, 24 h after kidding, to 2 treatment groups balanced for age and the number of reared kids. Goats in both treatment groups designed C and PEG grazed in acacia for approximately 5 h every day and received each on daily basis 0.3 and 0.4 kg of hay and concentrate respectively. In addition, goats in treatment PEG were initially supplemented with 10 g/day of PEG and this supplement was then increased to 20 g /goat/day over the last 60 days of the trial. Goats receiving PEG tended (P > 0.05) to spend more time browsing acacia than those in treatment C. There were no treatment effects on live weight change of the goats, growth of their kids until 90 days of age or composition of their milk in terms of fat, protein and urea contents. Similar proportions of 74.1 and 77.8% of goats resumed postpartum ovulation with a mean ovulation rate of 1.50 ± 0.61 and 1.67 ± 0.47 (P > 0.05) in respectively the PEG and C treatments. PEG supplementation was associated with an increase (P < 0.05) in ovulation rate at the second postpartum ovulation occurring approximately 27 days after the application of the nutritional treatments (1.76 ± 0.60 versus 1.25 ± 0.45); 9 of the 13 goats ovulating in the PEG treatment were bearing more than one corpus lutuem in comparison to only 3 out of 12 females in the C group (P < 0.05). The likely increased availability of proteins in the PEG receiving goats could explain their higher ovulation rate.     

Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption

Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.     

采穗圃不同营建及管理技术对马占相思穗条产量的影响

通过正交试验设计研究母株不同定植株行距、不同截干高度及施用不同基肥种类对马占相思嫩枝及硬枝产穗量的影响差异。结果表明:母株以20cm×25cm定植株行距(A2)+施1 125kg/hm2硫酸钾复合肥(B2)+母株距根茎部位25cm处截干高度(C3)组合(A2B2C3)最好,对嫩枝及硬枝产穗量均最高。     

滇东南岩溶山区4个树种的造林试验结果分析

通过在砚山县铳卡农场对圣诞树、滇合欢、新银合欢、刺槐4个树种不同造林密度、施肥措施、苗根处理方式及苗期喷云大-120等5个因素的对比试验,幼树期的结果表明树种对林木生长量及生物量的影响最大,施肥措施和苗根处理方式对林木的生长发育也具有一定的作用,而苗期喷云大-120对定植后林木的生长发育作用不明显,密度效应除圣诞树外其他3个树种还不显著。参试的4个树种中,圣诞树3年生时已经郁闭,其最佳技术组合A1B1C1D1E1的树高、地径、冠幅和单株生物量分别为5.05m、4.72cm、1.79m和7.05kg,每公顷可提供薪材22678kg、绿肥和饲料24345.5kg,产值3485.08元;滇合欢的最佳技术组合A2B1C2D2E1的树高、地径、冠幅和单株生物量分别为1.84m、4.33cm、1.23m和1.26kg,每公顷可产薪材6936.8kg、绿肥和饲料1467.4kg,产值767.05元;新银合欢则不太适应试区的气候,每年都受霜冻的危害。预计在滇东南岩溶山区选择多用途的圣诞树和滇合欢,采用最佳的技术措施组合造林,能取得良好的生态效益和经济效益。     

我国黑荆树适生区的划分及各区栽培技术要点

Based on the distribution of 64 locations in wattle natural distribution in Australia and the data collected from 61 plantations in 30 more countries, 5 important factors were selected for determining the suitable climatic requirements for the growth of wattle. The experience of plantation wattle in China for over 30 years has been summarized. According to the comparison of climate and geographic distribution of wattle in China and other countries, China is a suitable country for growing wattle. Based on the results of our investigation, a division of suitable areas for growing wattle in China was made. Key points of planting method in each area were suggested.     

低温驯化的黑荆树悬浮培养细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量变化*

低温驯化能够诱导黑荆树悬浮培养细胞增强抗冻性，ＬＴ５０从－４．３℃下降到－８．２℃。低温驯化诱可溶性蛋白质含量增加，其增加的时间进程与细胞抗冻性发育呈平行关系。环已亚胺抑制可溶性蛋白质含量增加，同时也抑制细胞抗冻性发育。在低温驯化期不同时间加入环已亚胺抑制抗冻性发育，表明低温驯化１０ｄ后抗浆性发育接近完成。糖对增加驯化细胞中可溶性蛋白质有促进作用，加快增加含量的时间进程，但对最终提高蛋白质含量水平     

大叶相思人工林木材理化特性及利用方式的研究

对同林龄不同林分大叶相思人工林木材试验地的生长量调查、化学组成测定及相关部位利用的研究 ,结果表明 :萌生林分比实生林分的材积和生物量分别提高 14 8%和 4 3 4 % ,证实速生树种形成次生林的幼树具有早期速生的特点 ;不同林分材性变化不明显 ,木材基本密度均≤ 0 .6 0g·cm- 3,纤维长度为 898～ 916μm ,壁腔比 0 5 6～ 0 6 0 (<1) ,纤维柔性系数 5 9 3～ 6 8 5 ,在 75～ 5 0范围内。采用KP法制浆 ,细浆得率达 4 4 %以上 ,木浆物理性能均达本色硫酸盐阔叶木浆标准 ;萌生林分鲜原胶产量大于实生林分 ,单株平均净增产鲜原胶 1 4 2kg ;挂胶与否对木材化学组成无影响而对树皮有影响 ,但不论挂胶与否 ,其树皮含单宁量高达 9 97%～ 11 4 0 % (>8% ) ,用于制备栲胶 ,产品质量及鞣革性能均优于国产一级木麻黄栲胶标准 ;木材、枝丫材作培养基栽培香菇等食用菌 ,其产量和生物效率与木屑对照组比较 ,均值差异达极显著 (F 相似文献   

尾巨桉、马占相思和马尾松人工林的土壤肥力比较

通过改进的内梅罗(Nemerow)综合指数对尾巨桉、马占相思、马尾松三种人工林的土壤肥力进行了综合评价,结果表明三种人工林A层土壤肥力综合指标值是尾巨桉>马占相思>马尾松,B层土壤肥力综合指标值是马占相思>马尾松>尾叶桉。综合分析表明尾巨桉林、马尾松林和马占相思林土壤肥力相差不大。     

用二次正交旋转组合设计优化马占相思增殖培养基

在马占相思组织培养初步取得成功的基础上，采用二次正交旋转组合设计对马占相思增殖培养基进行优化，建立增殖率(Y)对Ca^2 浓度(X1)、6-BA浓度(X2)及NAA浓度(X3)3个试验因子的正交回归模型：Y=2．280-0．168X1-0．259X2 0．185X1^2-0．210X2^2 0．167X3^2 0．326X1X2。从模型推知，当Ca^2 浓度为0．58倍常规MS培养基浓度(255g／L)，6BA为0．76mg／L，NAA为0．16mg／L时，增殖率达最大值为4．32，实验结果与预测值相符。