4种相思树种人工林木材纤维形态的研究

对4个相思树种人工林木材纤维形态特征进行测定和比较分析,结果表明：黑木相思和灰木相思的木材纤维属于短纤维,厚荚相思和马占相思的木材纤维属于中等纤维,4种相思木材壁腔比均小于1。相思树种人工林木材作为造纸原料的优劣顺序为：厚荚相思、马占相思、黑木相思和灰木相思。4个相思树种人工林木材纤维长度差异均达显著或极显著水平;黑木相思与灰木相思人工林木材纤维壁腔比差异不显著,其余相思树种差异极显著;厚荚相思与灰木相思、马占相思与灰木相思木材人工林木材纤维各形态特征均差异极显著。     

灰木莲、巨尾桉和厚荚相思人工林土壤微生物量及酶活性比较

为了解灰木莲、巨尾桉和厚荚相思3种人工林地的土壤肥力变化,为制定相应的营林措施提供参考,对3种8年生人工林0 ～ 20cm土层的微生物数量及土壤酶活性进行比较.结果表明:(1)不同树种的土壤微生物总量为灰木莲＞厚荚相思＞巨尾桉.同一树种在一年四季中的变化是:灰木莲林地夏季＞冬季＞秋季＞春季;巨尾桉林地秋季＞春季＞夏季＞冬季;厚荚相思林地秋季＞春季＞冬季＞夏季.(2)3种林地土壤的三大类群微生物数量特征表现为细菌最多,真菌数量最少,但在不同季节里有变化.灰木莲林地和厚荚相思林地的细菌数量明显大于巨尾桉林地;而巨尾桉林地的真菌和放线菌数量在春夏两季均大于另外两种林地,但秋冬两季则是3种林地中最少的.(3)3种林地的土壤蛋白酶活性在春季基本持平,但在夏季和冬季的差异却达到极显著水平;而3种林地的土壤过氧化氢酶活性均在夏季和冬季出现两次高峰,冬季的酶活性最大,差异达显著水平.分析表明不同树种对林地土壤微生物数量、组成以及土壤酶活性有重要影响.     

低温胁迫对淡竹2个抗寒性生理指标的影响

选择13个区域的淡竹叶片为试材,分别在0、-5、-10、-15、-20、-25℃下进行低温胁迫处理,测定其电导率和脯氨酸含量的变化,电导率结合Logistic方程计算出淡竹的半致死温度。通过脯氨酸含量分析和半致死温度的计算,综合分析不同区域淡竹抗寒性的生理生化指标,推测其抗寒性强弱:来源于烟台林科院、烟台昆嵛山、潍坊的淡竹抗寒性较强,来源于日照、沂源、东营、济南、临沂、胶南、泰安的淡竹抗寒性中等,来自浙江、江西、江苏的淡竹抗寒性最弱。     

Seasonal changes in the spatial structures of N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes from Acacia mangium plantation soils in Indonesia

We evaluated the spatial structures of nitrous oxide (N₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) fluxes in an Acacia mangium plantation stand in Sumatra, Indonesia, in drier (August) and wetter (March) seasons. A 60 × 100-m plot was established in an A. mangium plantation that included different topographical elements of the upper plateau, lower plateau, upper slope and foot slope. The plot was divided into 10 × 10-m grids and gas fluxes and soil properties were measured at 77 grid points at 10-m intervals within the plot. Spatial structures of the gas fluxes and soil properties were identified using geostatistical analyses. Averaged N₂O and CO₂ fluxes in the wetter season (1.85 mg N m⁻² d⁻¹ and 4.29 g C m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the drier season (0.55 mg N m⁻² d⁻¹ and 2.73 g C m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively) and averaged CH₄ uptake rates in the drier season (−0.62 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹) were higher than those in the wetter season (−0.24 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹). These values of N₂O fluxes in A. mangium soils were higher than those reported for natural forest soils in Sumatra, while CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes were in the range of fluxes reported for natural forest soils. Seasonal differences in these gas fluxes appears to be controlled by soil water content and substrate availability due to differing precipitation and mineralization of litter between seasons. N₂O fluxes had strong spatial dependence with a range of about 18 m in both the drier and wetter seasons. Topography was associated with the N₂O fluxes in the wetter season with higher and lower fluxes on the foot slope and on the upper plateau, respectively, via controlling the anaerobic-aerobic conditions in the soils. In the drier season, however, we could not find obvious topographic influences on the spatial patterns of N₂O fluxes and they may have depended on litter amount distribution. CO₂ fluxes had no spatial dependence in both seasons, but the topographic influence was significant in the drier season with lowest fluxes on the foot slope, while there was no significant difference between topographic positions in the wetter season. The distributions of litter amount and soil organic matter were possibly associated with CO₂ fluxes through their effects on microbial activities and fine root distribution in this A. mangium plantation.     

对几种寄主树种放养4号胶虫的研究

目前我国被发现或被利用于优良紫胶虫种4号胶虫(Kerria lacca)的优良寄主植物种类较少，制约了我国优质紫胶的发展。对苏门答腊金合欢(Acacia montana var. Sumatorana.)、光叶合欢(Albizia meyeri)、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)的放养胶虫试验结果表明，这3种树种可以作为4号胶虫的良好寄主予以利用或推广。     

灰叶荆群落生长和更新能力的研究

本文对厦门地区灰叶荆群落的生长和更新能力进行了研究。该植物3、4年生群落植株基径年增量为0.71～0.91cm;当年播种植株高和基径年增量分别为299.4和3.38cm;4、5年生群落母桩萌条的高和基径年增量分别为304.4～264.0cm和2.25～1.55cm。光照,温度和雨量是影响该植物生长和萌更的主要生态因子。光照的差异使群落内个体分化为被压木和优势木两类。该植物自然更新能力差,但其种子发芽力强,耐贮;影响种子发芽的主要因素是气温和采种期。     

建设速丰林,推进漳州林业跨越式发展

提出以发展桉树、相思树为主的速生丰产工业用材林基地,是实现漳州林业跨越式发展的突破口;分析了漳州发展速丰林具备的自然优势、技术条件;指出发展速丰林是实现其整体效益的最佳途径,并提出建设速丰林的对策建议。     

青冈常绿阔叶林的太阳辐射分布特征

通过野外定位观测，对青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林太阳辐射分布特征进行了研究．结果表明，青冈林反射辐射、透射辐射和吸收辐射的季节动态与太阳总辐射的季节动态相似，各辐射分量均为夏季最大，冬季最小，四季中群落的反射率、透射率和吸收率分别为１６％～２２％、９％～１２％和６７％～７４％．林冠层对光强的衰减率达８０％～９０％，且衰减率随太阳高度角的增大而增大．群落中部以下光强的衰减很小     

Potential of Nicotiana glauca (Grah.) as a source of resistance to black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. and Broome) Ferr. in tobacco improvement

Nicotiana glauca, a wild relative of Nicotiana tabacum, is an attractive potential source of black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola)‐resistant germplasm. Moreover, it shows a resistance or tolerance to PVY, TEV, anthracnose and powdery mildew. In this study its potential as a source of resistance to black root rot caused by Th. basicola was investigated. Nicotiana glauca GG (2n = 2x = 24) was crossed as male with two N. tabacum TT (2n = 4x = 48) flue‐cured cultivars: ‘BY103’ and ‘K 326’, both of which are susceptible to black root rot. Amphihaploid F₁ TG (2n = 3x = 36), amphidiploid TTGG (2n = 6x = 72) and sesquidiploid TTG (2n = 5x = 60) hybrids were obtained. The resultant sesquidiploid hybrids were used as maternal components in backcrossing to N. tabacum and a segregating post‐sesquidiploid TTg (2n = 5x = 52–54) offspring was obtained. Amphihaploids exhibited a level of resistance to black root rot characteristic of N. glauca. The expression of resistance varied in the sesquidiploid generation, possibly reflecting cytological instabilities in that progeny. A wide variation in response to black root rot was found for post‐sesquidiploids a clear reflection of extensive chromosome segregation in that hybrid generation.     

In vitro anti-uveal melanoma activity of phenolic compounds from the Egyptian medicinal plant Acacia nilotica

Anti-uveal melanoma activity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Acacia nilotica pods resulted in the isolation of the new compound gallocatechin 5-O-gallate (5) in addition to methyl gallate (1), gallic acid (2), catechin (3), catechin 5-O-gallate (4), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (6), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (7) and digallic acid (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and CD data. In addition to uveal melanoma, the antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds and the related compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) were evaluated against cutaneous melanoma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and normal retinal pigmented cells.