A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.     

三峡库区林草间作及肉羊高效养殖模式探讨

从牧草引种、疏林地和果园种草、肉羊养殖等方面,对三峡库区的林草间作及肉羊高效养殖技术模式进行了探讨.通过研究,筛选出了适合库区种植的优质高产牧草种类及水土保持的牧草种类,提出了林草间作的技术要点,同时应用肉羊高效养殖技术饲养肉山羊,把退耕还林还草和草地畜牧业有机地结合在一起,并强调了二者的相互依赖性,实现可持续发展.     

生态景观林林分改造工程建设理论与千岛湖区实践研究

马尾松和杉木林是受人为干扰下形成的次生的退化森林生态系统,群落结构不稳定,在千岛湖区选择针叶林阔叶化林分改造工程符合当地森林植被的自然演替规律,同时也被生产实践证明是有效的。本文回顾自1963年以来千岛湖区生态景观林林分改造工程的历程,对千岛湖区生态景观林林分改造工程建设指导思想、技术措施和建设成效进行了思考,同时提出千岛湖区生态景观林林分改造工程建设应加强对建设成效的监测,林分结构调整时应适当加大上层马尾松林的间伐强度,以及林分改造应与生物防火林带建设和森林病虫害的预防相结合等建议。     

湘潭市能源的生态足迹及森林固碳减排效应的分析

生态足迹作为可持续发展定量研究的一种新方法,具有简明而综合的特点。采用生态足迹成分法对湘潭市2003年能源的生态足迹进行了计算,并对湘潭市2003年CO2排放量及森林固碳减排效应进行了分析。结果表明:2003年湘潭市人均能源生态足迹为0.653 hm2,实有人均能源生态足迹为0.077 hm2,人均能源生态足迹赤字为0.576hm2;2003年湘潭市CO2排放量为1 186.42万t,现有森林CO2年吸收量为140.25万t。通过扩大森林面积和提高森林生产力,每年可多吸收74.27万t CO2,实现减排6.26%。     

人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

南岳区退耕还林植物景观林造林模式

从2001年到2005年,抓住国家退耕还林的机会,在南岳衡山核心景区营造植物景观观赏林136.8 hm2,植物景观林种类16种,达到了南岳核心景区退耕还林、还绿、还美目标。提高了南岳的旅游景观质量,促进了南岳生态建设的发展。     

城市森林系统评价指标体系研究

城市森林建设是人与自然和谐的重要内容之一,是实现森林城市的重要途径。针对近年来全国不少城市提出“城市森林”、“森林城”的建设目标,作者以森林生态学、景观生态学、城市生态学等理论为指导,在系统分析国内外现有城市森林的基础上,探讨了城市森林的评价指标体系,并介绍了指标的内涵及选取评价指标的原则,旨在为城市森林规划建设提供科学合理的量化依据。     

基于ICESat-GLAS数据和回波仿真原理识别森林类型

[目的]利用星载激光雷达波形数据对森林类型识别时,受地形、噪声和林层结构等因素影响,针叶林、阔叶林和混交林森林类型识别精度较低,为提高森林类型识别精度,需提取与森林类型相关的波形特征参数.[方法]结合回波仿真原理与林分冠层特征对GLAS回波波形进行理论分析,提出了与森林类型相关的波形特征参数147R-cafit-、K1...     

人工智能在农业上的应用分析

农业供给侧结构性改革是实现乡村振兴的必然途径。特别是在农业现代化发展的过程中, 人工智能应用到其中对于增强农业整体发展效果作用明显。本文将人工智能在农业上的应用作为研 究对象,概述了人工智能在农业上的应用,并从产前阶段、产中阶段、产后阶段等三个阶段对人工智能 在农业上的具体应用进行了研究。     

森林抚育技术要点及其合理化建设策略

随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步,国家需要不断提高对于森林资源的重视程度,并且在对 森林抚育技术的应用过程中,提出更加有作用的要点和建设策略。