Some biological consequences of environmental change: A study using barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) and gum trees (Angiospermae: Myrtaceae)

Uniformitarianism permits understanding of the past on the basis of the present, and modeling the future through consideration of the fossil record. The present paper addresses the impact environmental (climatic) change has had on acorn barnacles and eucalyptus trees. Acorn barnacles (Balanomorpha) are first recorded after the K/T mass-extinction event. In the Paleogene, rapid radiation resulted in their occupying most marine environments. That balanomorphs survived both the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to adapt to opportunities; they are known from the littoral (Chamaesipho) to depths of 3600 m (Tetrachaelasma) and within this from diverse substrates: rock, wood and miscellaneous flotsam, plus in symbiosis or commensalism with most larger marine organisms. Darwin's (1854) view of the late Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in their diversity, distribution and biomass. Barnacles are contrasted with the Australian Myrtaceae: plants ranging from woody shrubs to tall trees. The most significant is Eucalyptus sensu lato, which typifies Australia's flora, and is characterized by aromatic leaves that produce eucalyptol. Eucalyptus has evolved strategies that result in its domination of Australian open woodlands: these include production of highly flammable eucalyptol oil (with a flashpoint of 49 °C) and an unprecedented ability to regenerate following forest fires. Gum trees and barnacles first appear in the Paleogene, their earliest records are Australasian, and they both demonstrate extraordinary resilience when environmental conditions are optimal.     

环境温度、饲料、性别对肉鸡氨基酸表观消化率和氮、能代谢的影响

利用72只32日龄京白904肉仔鸡公母各半研究环境温度简称温度、饲料种类和鸡的性别对氨基酸表观消化率AAAA、氮能代谢的影响。试验采用3×2×2析因设计。试验鸡在8℃、24℃、30～32℃下处理14天,43日龄时,采用改进的真代谢能TME法测定3种温度下肉用公母鸡对玉米和豆粕的AAAA、代谢能及与氮代谢有关的指标。试验结果如下:饲料种类极显著地影响AAAAP<0.01。温度和性别对AAAA测值无显著影响P>0.05。内源干物质EDM排量不受温度的影响P>0.05。高温组表观代谢能AME显著高于低温组P<0.05,而常温组与高温组及低温组间差异不显著P>0.05。性别间AME无显著差异P>0.05。温度及性别对氮校正表观代谢能AMEn无显著影响P>0.05。尿酸FUA受温度影响极显著P<0.01。氮沉积率NR不受温度的影响P>0.05。氮平衡值NB受温度影响极显著P<0.01。     

温度和食物对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及繁殖的影响

本试验设3个温度（20、25和30℃）和3个食物浓度（1×106、10×106和20×106 cells/mL）,研究不同温度和不同食物浓度对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群增长及繁殖的影响。试验期为10 d。结果表明,最大种群密度均随温度和食物浓度的升高而先增加后减少。温度为25℃食物浓度为10×106 cells/mL时,最大种群密度为74.39±1.81 ind/mL,与其他组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。随温度升高,轮虫的最大种群密度高峰值出现的时间也呈现逐渐前移的趋势,最大种群增长率则随温度和食物浓度的增加而升高。温度30℃食物20×106 cells/mL时,最大种群增长率为0.70±0.013,与其他组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。食物浓度对轮虫的怀卵率有显著影响,在同一温度下最大怀卵率随食物浓度的升高而增大,食物为20×106 cells/mL的最大怀卵率为56.43±1.07%,与其他浓度组比差异显著（P〈0.05）。在本试验条件下,温度和食物对褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群增长及繁殖均有显著影响。温度25℃食物浓度10×106 cells/mL为培养条件的最优组合。     

寒冷地区温室型犊牛舍温热环境研究

为研究低温条件下温室型犊牛舍内的环境状况,研究分析了舍外平均气温为（-10±1）℃、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃条件下,温室型犊牛舍的空气温度、相对湿度、气流速度和有害气体等指标。结果表明,当外界平均气温为（-10±1）、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃时,犊牛舍内平均气温分别为6.7℃、2.1℃和-0.6℃,平均相对湿度分别为64.1%、59.5%和75.2%,气流速度分别为0.05m/s、0.04m/s和0.04m/s,CO2浓度分别为2434mg/m3、2512mg/m3和2528mg/m3,而犊牛舍空气中未检测出H2S和NH3。结果说明,在外界平均气温-20℃以上的天气条件下,保温良好、换气充分的温室型犊牛舍,其舍内的温热环境和空气质量环境完全可以满足哺乳犊牛需要。     

兴海县气候变化对畜牧业发展的影响及对策

本文通过对兴海县气温、降水等气象观测资料的分析,得出气候变化对畜牧业生产造成的影响,认为当前制约兴海县畜牧业可持续发展的主要因素是气候变化,并针对气候变化的制约条件提出了草地可持续发展对策。     

人工模拟高温环境下白三叶草相对生理指标测定

研究了高温胁迫条件下白三叶叶片相对含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:25~35℃处理0.5 h后,白三叶的膜透性、脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐下降,但幅度不大;45℃以上高温处理后,以上生理指标均有显著性大幅度的变化。与CK比较,温度每升高5℃,白三叶细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸含量平均增加50.62%、59.89%,而相对含水量、叶绿素含量分别下降34.22%、4.61%。在实验条件下,白三叶能适应35℃的高温,40~45℃为其忍耐高温的临界温度范围,50℃为致死温度上限。     

财务信息对上市公司高层变动的影响分析

上市公司高层变动受多种因素的影响,经营业绩是其中一个重要因素,能有效反映公司经营绩效的财务信息,对高层变动的影响也是不容忽视的.通过对深市样本公司的高层变动与会计信息的实证分析,进一步证明了不同会计信息对高层变动的影响程度及二者的关系,从而为投资者和管理者及其他财务数据使用者提供有效的参考依据.     

Influence of feeding regime on timing of parturition in beef cattle and the relationship of vaginal temperature to parturition

The timing of parturition was recorded for a total of 56 beef cattle (Japanese Black × Holstein Friesian) on different dietary treatments. The rate of calving during daylight hours in cows night‐fed (18.00 hours) with a roughage diet was significantly higher than that in cows night‐fed with a high concentrate diet (79.2% vs 38.5%, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the vaginal temperature (VT) of these cows was analyzed using a cosinor method. When the feeding schedule was changed from twice daily (08.30 and 15.30 hours) to night feeding, the periodicity, the acrophase and the bathyphase, which were the parameters of the cosine curve, were unstable from the first day of night feeding until after day 6 (P < 0.05). Prior to parturition, the midline‐estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and the amplitude for the cows that were fed a high‐roughage diet at night and that calved at night‐time were lower and larger, respectively, than that for the other treatments (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the time of parturition in most of the beef cows was influenced by feeding time and diet composition. Those cows that calved at night‐time in spite of night feeding had lower vaginal temperatures.     

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性检测和染色性试验

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及染色性直接关系丝胶固着丝绸产品的市场开发前景。通过测定丝胶溶失率、耐洗涤性能和上染率及红外光谱,研究了固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及适用的染料和部分染色工艺条件。检测结果表明固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率比普通茧丝低,丝胶性能稳定,90℃条件下固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率只有1.6%;红外光谱显示固化茧丝的分子结构发生了一定改变;活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的上染试验显示酸性染料的上染率高于活性染料,但其染色均匀性不及活性染料,活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的最高上染率分别为67.9%、68.5%;适宜固化茧丝纤维上染的温度为70℃,用酸性染料上染固化茧丝不宜采用强酸性浴。     

中国结缕草属(Zoysia spp.)植物抗寒性评价

在广泛收集结缕草属(ZoysiaWild.)种质资源基础上,按照形态类型和地理分布,选取40份种质,采用电导法(EL)对其抗寒性进行初步评价。以半致死温度(LT50)为评价指标,在参试材料中除大穗结缕草和来自台湾岛海边沙地的沟叶结缕草外,其它种质都较天堂-419(对照)抗寒;在结缕草属内,抗寒性具有明显的种间差异,耐寒性依次为日本结缕草>中华结缕草>沟叶结缕草>细叶结缕草>长花中华结缕草>大穗结缕草,其中细叶类型的沟叶结缕草和细叶结缕草抗寒性变异较大;日本结缕草和中华结缕草抗寒性变异与地理分布之间没有显著关系,但分布在海边的种类和种质抗寒性明显较低;结缕草属及其中华结缕草的抗寒性与叶长、叶宽以及叶背面被毛之间均存在显著的负相关关系,但这种关系不体现在日本结缕草上。实验结果还表明,EL方法是评价结缕草属抗寒性较为可靠的方法之一。