Effects of Melia azedarach on nutritional physiology and enzyme activities of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Laboratory assays were done to evaluate the effect of Melia azedarach L. (Rutales: Meliaceae) seed extract on nutritional indices and gut enzymes acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosinetriphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase of the rice leaffolder (RLF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Larvae were fed a treated rice-leaf diet containing the seed extract and their midgut was used for enzyme determination. Laboratory experiments showed that the seed extract suppressed the larval activity of C. medinalis even at a low dose. Gross dietary utilization (efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food) of RLF decreased after ingesting the treated rice-leaf diet. Food consumption, digestion, relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and relative growth rate values declined significantly. As compared to the control, consumption of the extract containing rice-leaf diet resulted in a 69% reduction of the acid phosphatases activity, a 71% reduction of the alkaline phosphatases activity, a 46% reduction of the adenosine triphosphatases activity, and a 52% inhibition of the lactate dehydrogenase activity.     

不同光质对小麦幼苗谷氨酸合成酶及钙调系统酶活性的影响

加钙培养的小麦黄化苗和绿苗,经过红光（Ｒ）、远药光（ＦＲ）处理有效地提高谷氨酸合成酶（ＧＯＧＡＴ）的活性。不同光质对麦苗硝态氮代谢关键酶活性的影响与细胞内钙调系统及其作用靶酶－Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性有密切的联系。Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的作用能改变细胞内Ｈ、Ｃａ＾２＋的浓度,从而调节细胞的内环境,进而对植物的代谢过程起调节作用     

Effects of dietary phospholipids levels on growth performance,lipid metabolism,and antioxidant capacity of the early juvenile green mud crab,Scylla paramamosain (Estampador)

Four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets were designed to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels (with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% PL supplementation) on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity in early juvenile green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). There were three replicates of 28 crabs (initial body weight from 42.02 to 42.44 mg) for each diet treatment, and growth trial lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the growth trial, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. Crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained highest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate than other crabs. The molting frequency was not affected by different dietary PL addition. Besides, the contents of whole body lipid and long chain highly unsaturated fatty acids significantly increased with elevating dietary PL levels. In the hepatopancreas, crabs fed diet with 0% PL had significantly higher malondialdehyde concentration than other crabs. And crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity than crabs fed diets with 0% and 4% PL. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase was significantly down‐regulated with dietary PL supplementation over 2%. Based on the second order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 2.37% dietary PL level was the optimal demand for early juvenile S. paramamosain. Moreover, we found crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained better antioxidant capacity than other crabs.     

Food consumption, utilization, and detoxification enzyme activity of the rice leaffolder larvae after treatment with Dysoxylum triterpenes

The toxicity and physiological (enzyme and nutritional indices) effect of Dysoxylum triterpenes 3β,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone were evaluated on the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée). The LC₅₀ [6.66 ppm (SD = 0.31), 5.79 ppm (SD = 0.33) for 3β,24,25-DHCL and BL, respectively] and LC ₉₀ [14.63 ppm (SD = 0.36), 13.49 ppm (SD = 0.27) for 3β,24,25-DHCL and BL, respectively] were identified by probit analysis. Fourth instars were exposed to various concentrations (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 ppm) of Dysoxylum triterpenes. Results showed that treated larvae exhibited reduced food consumption and enzyme activity. Food consumption, digestion, relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and relative growth rate values declined significantly but the approximate digestibility of treated larvae was significantly higher as a result of treatment (in particular 6 and 12 ppm). Likewise, the gut enzymes acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, and adenosine triphosphatases were significantly inhibited by the Dysoxylum triterpenes. The high biological activity of these triterpenes from Dysoxylum sp. could be used as an active principle during the preparation of botanical insecticides for insect pest like rice leaffolder.     

K型小麦雄性不育系及其保持系花药小孢子不同发育期ATP酶活性变化

近年来,越来越多的研究表明,线粒体DNA与雄性不育密切相关。线粒体基因atpA,atp6,atp9在小麦雄性不育系与保持系之间存在不同程度的组织结构差异,且它们的RNA编码异常〔1,4〕。atpA、atp6和atp9是线粒体基因参与ATP酶合成的3个功能性基因,ATP酶是生物能量代谢过程中具重要生理功能的一种酶。但迄今为止还未见到有关该酶在不育花药中超微细胞化学定位的报道。本研究选用了K型雄性不育系和其保持系为材料,利用电镜细胞化学标记技术,对其小孢子发育的各个时期,花药组织中的ATP酶活性变化进行定位分析,从翻译产物水平上探讨线粒体3种基…     

猪瘟病毒NS3蛋白ATPase/RNA解旋酶功能区的表达与纯化

采用RT-PCR 技术扩增出猪瘟病毒石门株和C株NS3基因的ATPase/RNA解旋酶功能区,将其克隆到表达载体pET-28a(+) 中,获得重组质粒pET-NS3SM和pET-NS3C;PCR、酶切鉴定和序列分析结果表明目的基因插入位置、方向和读码框完全正确;0.8 mmol/L IPTG诱导得到分子量为54kD 的目的蛋白,Western blotting结果表明,表达的目的蛋白与猪瘟高免血清没有出现肉眼可见的反应;通过ELISA试验结果表明,重组蛋白能被CSFV 阳性血清识别。     

受甘蔗花叶病毒侵染后甘蔗叶片及其叶绿体中ATPase活性的变化

采用ATPase活性的常规测定方法,研究了7个不同甘蔗品种感染甘蔗花叶病毒株系A(SCMV-A)后叶片及其叶绿体中Mg~(2+)-ATPase和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性的变化.结果表明:闽糖70/611,F134,闽选703,福引79/8,福引79/9,NCo310和Co740等7个品种染病后,叶片中Ca~(2+)-ATPase和Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性均显著高于其相应的健株;叶绿体中Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性也呈现相同的趋势,而Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性则差异不显著.然而病株叶片叶绿体之外部分的Ca~(2+)-ATPase和Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性均显著高于其相应的健株.这表明SCMV—A对叶片、叶绿体及叶绿体以外部分的Mg~(2+)-ATPase和Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性均有影响.     

喹乙醇致鸡中毒后线粒体膜的ATPase活性变化研究

将1日龄的艾维茵肉鸡随机分为空白对照组(Ⅰ组)和喹乙醇处理组(Ⅱ组)。2组动物以相同条件进行饲养,Ⅱ组按15mg/kg体重的剂量,将喹乙醇进行一次性口服,实验期42 d,每周进行一次采样,共采样6次。所采集的血液制备鸡肝线粒体膜(MiM),本实验以MiM上的Na -K -ATPase、Mg2 -ATPase和Ca2 -ATPase活性变化为检测指标。结果表明:Ⅱ组MiM的ATPase活性在整个实验过程中一直呈下降趋势。实验结果提示喹乙醇可以诱导生物膜ATPase活性的改变,导致线粒体膜功能障碍,使机体的解毒和排泄功能受损。     

华航一号和华航八号与原品种剑叶光合产物输出的比较

空间诱变水稻新品种华航一号和新品系华航八号与各自的原品种相比，灌浆期剑叶都表现出ATP酶活性较高；细胞质果糖-1，6-二磷酸酯酶(FBP酶)活性较低；白天蔗糖积累较少，淀粉积累较多；夜间光合产物输出的总量较多．水稻千粒质量和单穗质量与剑叶上午淀粉积累呈正相关，与剑叶夜间光合产物总量下降呈正相关，与剑叶上午蔗糖积累呈负相关．