Effects of Melia azedarach on nutritional physiology and enzyme activities of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Laboratory assays were done to evaluate the effect of Melia azedarach L. (Rutales: Meliaceae) seed extract on nutritional indices and gut enzymes acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosinetriphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase of the rice leaffolder (RLF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Larvae were fed a treated rice-leaf diet containing the seed extract and their midgut was used for enzyme determination. Laboratory experiments showed that the seed extract suppressed the larval activity of C. medinalis even at a low dose. Gross dietary utilization (efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food) of RLF decreased after ingesting the treated rice-leaf diet. Food consumption, digestion, relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and relative growth rate values declined significantly. As compared to the control, consumption of the extract containing rice-leaf diet resulted in a 69% reduction of the acid phosphatases activity, a 71% reduction of the alkaline phosphatases activity, a 46% reduction of the adenosine triphosphatases activity, and a 52% inhibition of the lactate dehydrogenase activity.     

The toxicity and physiological effect of neem limonoids on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) the rice leaffolder

The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione, and deaceytlnimbin on gut enzyme activity of the rice leaffolder larvae was investigated. When fed a diet of rice leaves treated with limonoids in bioassays, gut tissue enzymes—acid phosphatases (ACP), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), and adenosine triphosphatases (ATPase) activities of rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) larvae are affected. Azadirachtin was most potent in all experiments. Larvae that were chronically exposed to limonoids showed a reduction in weight (59-89%) and exhibited a significant reduction in ACP, ALP, and ATPase activities. These results indicate neem limonoids affects gut enzyme activities. These effects are most pronounced in early instars.     

牛肉肌纤维类型差异及成熟过程中组织蛋白酶活性研究

为考察不同部位牛肉肌纤维类型的差异、比较两种肌纤维分型方法、研究肌纤维类型对宰后成熟过程中组织蛋白酶活性的影响,选取新疆褐牛冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌、背阔肌、腰大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、腓肠肌共8个部位的牛肉,分别用ATPase染色法和RT-PCR法检测肌纤维类型组成和MyHC基因相对表达量,用Image-Pro Plus6.0软件分析ATPase染色图像,计算各类型肌纤维的面积和直径,并检测各部位牛肉宰后成熟0、3、7、9、11、14 d时组织蛋白酶B、L、H活性。结果表明:新疆褐牛不同部位肉的肌纤维类型组成不同,两种肌纤维类型的分型方法在确定Ⅰ型肌纤维数量时呈极显著相关,在8个部位牛肉中,均没有发现MyHCⅡb型基因的表达,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维数量百分比与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx型基因表达百分比呈显著正相关,与MyHCⅡa型基因表达百分比呈极显著负相关。两种确定肌纤维类型的方法存在一定的相关性,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维可能与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx基因相对应。在宰后成熟过程中,各部位牛肉组织蛋白酶活性基本表现为先升高、后降低的趋势,不同部位的牛肉达到活性最大值的时间不同;组织蛋白酶H活性非常低,相比于组织蛋白酶B和L,其在宰后成熟中的作用可以忽略不计,组织蛋白酶L活性是B活性的2.5～4倍,在宰后成熟中起更重要的作用。Ⅰ型肌纤维数量与宰后9、11 d组织蛋白酶B和L活性呈显著甚至极显著正相关关系,在新疆褐牛各部位肉中含有的Ⅰ型肌纤维越多,组织蛋白酶活性越高,越有利于牛肉宰后成熟嫩化。     

不同光质对小麦幼苗谷氨酸合成酶及钙调系统酶活性的影响

加钙培养的小麦黄化苗和绿苗,经过红光（Ｒ）、远药光（ＦＲ）处理有效地提高谷氨酸合成酶（ＧＯＧＡＴ）的活性。不同光质对麦苗硝态氮代谢关键酶活性的影响与细胞内钙调系统及其作用靶酶－Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性有密切的联系。Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、Ｈ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的作用能改变细胞内Ｈ、Ｃａ＾２＋的浓度,从而调节细胞的内环境,进而对植物的代谢过程起调节作用     

Effects of dietary phospholipids levels on growth performance,lipid metabolism,and antioxidant capacity of the early juvenile green mud crab,Scylla paramamosain (Estampador)

Four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets were designed to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels (with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4% PL supplementation) on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity in early juvenile green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). There were three replicates of 28 crabs (initial body weight from 42.02 to 42.44 mg) for each diet treatment, and growth trial lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the growth trial, there was no significant difference in survival among all treatments. Crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained highest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate than other crabs. The molting frequency was not affected by different dietary PL addition. Besides, the contents of whole body lipid and long chain highly unsaturated fatty acids significantly increased with elevating dietary PL levels. In the hepatopancreas, crabs fed diet with 0% PL had significantly higher malondialdehyde concentration than other crabs. And crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained significantly higher superoxide dismutase activity than crabs fed diets with 0% and 4% PL. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase was significantly down‐regulated with dietary PL supplementation over 2%. Based on the second order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 2.37% dietary PL level was the optimal demand for early juvenile S. paramamosain. Moreover, we found crabs fed diet with 2% PL obtained better antioxidant capacity than other crabs.     

酵母微量元素锌对肉鸡肝组织ATPase活性的影响

探讨酵母微量元素锌对肉鸡肝组织ATPase活性的影响。将50只1日龄AA商品代肉鸡随机分成5组:酵母锌高剂量组(锌40 mg/kg)、酵母锌低剂量组(锌30 mg/kg)、硫酸锌组(锌40 mg/kg)、空白酵母对照组、基础日粮对照组,每组10只,50 d后,取肝脏,测定肝组织中锌含量及ATPase的活性。结果显示,肝组织锌含量酵母锌高剂量组极显著高于其他组(P<0.01),酵母锌低剂量组与硫酸锌组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两组均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),空白酵母对照组与基础日粮对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);酵母锌高剂量组肝组织中Na+,K+-ATPase、Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase活性均极显著或显著高于其他组(P<0.01或P<0.05),酵母锌低剂量组与硫酸锌组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),空白酵母对照组与基础日粮对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。表明,酵母锌易于被动物体吸收利用,其生物学利用率高于硫酸锌;随着肝组织含锌量增加,ATPase活性显著提高,锌对提高肝组织ATPase的活性有重要意义。     

二十八烷醇对小鼠心肌及骨胳肌能量代谢的影响

采用乳化二十八烷醇饲育小白鼠，并用组化染色方法检测了小鼠心肌及骨路肌磷酸果糖激酶（PFK），琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、辅酶Ⅰ－四氮唑还原酶（NADH－Tr）以及ATP酶的活性。结果表明二十八烷醇对心肌及骨骼肌中四种酶活性均有增进作用，其中ATP酶活性与对照比较均有显著性差异。骨骼肌中Ⅰ型肌纤维中SDH与Ⅱ型肌纤维中的PFK分别与对照差异显著。结果说明二十八烷醇具有促进小鼠心肌及骨骼肌能量代谢的作用。     

茉莉苗期低温伤害与几种保护性酶活性变化的关系

2个茉莉品种苗期经低温(3±1℃)处理后,嫩梢组织腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)水解活性先升高,尔后下降.在处理期间双瓣种 ATPase 水解活性变化幅度比单瓣种小.低温处理3d 后电泳分析表明,过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶活性及其酶带数增加.随着处理温度降低至0±1℃,植株出现伤害症状,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,电解质渗出率增加,而 SOD 的明显下降比电解质的大量泄漏出现得早.抗寒力不同的2个品种在 SOD 活性及电解质泄漏的变化上有差异.     

生殖生长期烟草orf25基因的表达和ATP酶活性分析

为探讨烟草orf25基因与雄性不育性的关系,以处于生殖生长期的烟草雄性不育系MS革新3号及其保持系革新3号为研究材料,运用荧光定量技术测定orf25基因的表达量,同时测定ATP酶活性。结果表明,orf25基因在保持系不同器官中的表达量比不育系的相对较高,而在同一材料中,orf25基因在花器官中的表达量最高,叶片次之,根部表达量相对较低;ATP酶活性也是保持系的比不育系的相对较高,而在同一材料中,花器官中的ATP酶活性也最高,而叶与根之间则无显著差异。相关性分析表明,同一器官中orf25基因的表达量与ATP酶活性之间存在着极显著的正相关。