美洲大蠊Na+ -K+ -ATPase 作为筛选靶标的初步研究

以美洲大蠊(Perip lanata am ericana) 雄性成虫的中枢神经系统为试材, 对Na+ -K+ -A TPase 作为农药筛选靶标进行了初步研究, 表明Na+ -K+ -A TPase 活力测定的最适反应条件是: 酶源蛋白浓度815 μg/m L , 温度30℃, pH7.4, 反应时间15min。同时以最佳反应系统初步研究了几种拟除虫菊酯(南开菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴灭菊酯、氰戊菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、胺菊酯) 对Na+ -K+ -A TPase 离体活性的影响, 结果显示出不同程度的抑制作用。并对其用作农药筛选靶标的可能性进行了探讨。     

内毒素对山羊红细胞膜ATPase活性的影响及654—2的保护效应

通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌仙毒素对山羊红细胞膜损伤的膜泵分子活性的变化及６５４－２（山莨菪碱）的保护效应。结果表明,ＥＴ处理组在１ｈ,３ｈ红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（腺苷三磷酸酶,简称ＡＴＰ酶）,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均高于对照组,５ｈ有下降趋势并一直持续到９ｈ。     

冻结条件下冻藏温度对鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白冷冻变性的影响

本研究探讨了不同冻结终温、冻结速率以及冻结贮藏温度下鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白ATPase活性的变化。结果表明，冻结终温和冻结速率肌球蛋白变性的影响较小，即使在慢速冻结（从0℃经过72h冻结到－40℃）下，样品肌原纤维蛋白的Ca^2＋－、Mg^2＋－、EDTA－ATPase活性的变化都很小。在贮藏过程中，贮藏温度越低肌原纤维蛋白越稳定，而慢冻和快冻对于其后冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白变性的差异也不显著。与冻结速率和浆结终温相比，冻结贮藏温度的影响明显。     

海水中几种金属离子对中国对虾幼体_省略_内碱性磷酸酶和ATPase的影响

向经过螯合剂Cephlex 100处理的海水中添加金属离子，进行培养中国对虾糖虾幼体和仔虾幼体，观察篱子对变态发育及其体内碱性磷酸酶和ATPase活性的影响。结果显示当海水中Cu^2 ,Co^2 ,Mn^2 浓度分别为40、40、20μg.L^-1时明显激活糠虾幼体体内碱性磷酸酶的活性，但大于此浓度时则使该酶活性降低；Cu^2 低浓度时能够提高仔虾体内碱性磷酸酶和ATPase的活性，浓度在40μg.L^-1时碱性磷酸酶的活性表达最高，在40－80μg.L^-1浓度范围内ATPase活性明显高于对照组，较高浓度则抑制两种酶的活性。Co^2 在200 μg.L^-1时期显提高两种酶的活性，而Ni^2 只使两种酶活性降低。鉴于碱性磷酸酶和ATPase与生长发育直接和相关，篱子对虾幼体生长的影响与对两种酶活性的影响基本一致，因此体内这两种酶活性的高低可作为判别环境因素是否适合对虾幼本生存的指标。     

鲢冻结过程中肌肉组织及蛋白质的变化

以鲜活鲢为研究对象，从肌肉组织冷冻切片，盐溶蛋白，Ca2 ,-ATP酶活性等角度研究在缓慢冻结条件下链的冷冻变性情况，并探讨链冷冻变性的要理，结果表明：冻结前后，链肌肉纤维组织 结构变化十分显著：链冻结至－35度后盐溶蛋白下降了14．8％；Ca2 -ATP酶活性变化则不明显。     

Higher ROS scavenging ability and plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity are associated with potassium retention in drought tolerant tea plants

Drought is one of the main limiting factors resulting in the reduction of yield and quality of tea production. Our previous studies indicated that K⁺ retention was a key factor associated with alleviating drought‐induced damage in tea plants. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, drought tolerant tea plant (variety Zhongcha108) exhibited higher plasma membrane (PM) H⁺‐ATPase activity and lower negative membrane potential compared with the drought sensitive tea plant (variety Ruanzhiwulong). In addition to superior mesophyll K⁺ retention ability and higher PM H⁺‐ATPase activity, the drought tolerant tea plant exhibited lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the sensitive one. Moreover, exogenous supply of Na₃VO₄ (plasma membrane H⁺‐ATPase inhibitor) and H₂O₂ (mimicking apoplastic ROS) resulted in a significantly higher K⁺ efflux in the mesophyll of the drought sensitive tea plant than the non‐treated one. Taken together, the higher ROS scavenging ability and plasma membrane H⁺‐ATPase activity were major factors contributing to the higher K⁺ retention in drought tolerant tea plants.     

土壤镉胁迫对龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度Cd(0、10、20、40、80、160 mg·kg-1)处理下,龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)幼苗对氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)吸收及质膜ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,土壤添加Cd浓度≤40 mg·kg-1时显著促进龙葵幼苗生长及生物量的积累与分配,添加Cd浓度>40 mg·kg-1时抑制作用加强;叶绿素含量随Cd添加浓度的增大而下降,在较低浓度Cd(10 mg·kg-1)处理时,显著提高叶绿素含量。随Cd添加浓度的增加,根、茎、叶和果实中的全N、全P和全K含量先升后降(除茎全P降低外);叶片中的Cd积累量最高,茎次之,果实中最低;丙二醛含量与过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增大,但超氧化物歧化酶(POD)活性先升后降;幼苗地上(茎与叶)和地下(根)部H+-ATP以及地下部Ca2+-ATP酶活性随Cd添加浓度的增加不断降低,而地上部Ca2+-ATP酶活性则先升后降。这些结果表明,龙葵在高Cd胁迫(≥40 mg·kg-1)下,能通过加快根系对Cd离子积累来提高抗氧化酶(CAT和SOD)活性、降低POD与质膜ATP酶活性、改变对N、P和K的吸收,从而起到对Cd胁迫的解毒作用。     

低氧胁迫对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼生理状态的影响

为探究低氧胁迫对西伯利亚鲟幼鱼的血液基础指标、抗氧化和能量代谢相关酶活力的影响,以体质量为(19.46±4.9)g的西伯利亚鲟幼鱼为研究对象,开展了低氧(2.3mg/L)胁迫3h和自高氧(18.5mg/L)逐渐降至低氧(2.8mg/L)又恢复到正常溶氧(7mg/L),这两种不同情况下的低氧胁迫试验。检测了血液红细胞数、血红蛋白质量浓度,以及肝脏和肌肉的抗氧化酶活力和鳃组织三磷酸腺苷酶活力。结果显示,低氧胁迫下西伯利亚鲟幼鱼血红细胞数升高,血红蛋白质量浓度、血液pH、肝脏和肌肉的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力以及碱性磷酸酶活力均低于正常溶氧组,而鳃组织钠/钾—三磷酸腺苷酶活力无明显变化。试验结果显示,急性低氧胁迫能较快使西伯利亚鲟幼鱼血液红细胞数目增加,并影响肝脏、肌肉的抗氧化应激及代谢相关酶活力,但是短时间内西伯利亚鲟幼鱼可能还未实现鳃部的能量调节。     

Spermidine Enhances Waterlogging Tolerance via Regulation of Antioxidant Defence,Heat Shock Protein Expression and Plasma Membrane H+‐ATPase Activity in Zea mays

Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous biogenic amines that play important roles in the environmental stress tolerance of crops. However, the relationship between PAs and plant waterlogging (WL) tolerance has received little attention. In this study, the protective effects of spermidine (Spd) against WL stress were investigated by Zea mays. WL treatment inhibited root growth and caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability and DNA damage in maize roots. Pre‐soaking seeds with Spd markedly alleviated these effects caused by WL. Spd pre‐soaking also significantly increased the endogenous Spd content in both control and waterlogged maize roots. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GR; superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD) was enhanced in Spd‐pre‐soaked maize roots under WL stress. Thus, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide‐radical () accumulation were reduced. Spd treatment also enhances the expression and protein abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and 90 during the period of WL stress. Furthermore, Spd pre‐soaking reversed the inhibition effect of WL on H⁺ efflux and K⁺ influx in maize roots. The PM H⁺‐ATPase activity in Spd‐pre‐treated seedlings exhibited less inhibitory under WL conditions. In conclusion, this study suggests that WL stress could be alleviated by priming seeds with Spd in maize species. This alleviative effect was partially attributable to (i) up‐regulated activity of antioxidant enzymes; (ii) maintained PM H⁺‐ATPase activity; and (iii) increased Hsp70 and Hsp90 gene expression and protein abundance.     

莫能菌素对蚯蚓的生态毒理效应

采用人工土壤法测定了不同浓度莫能菌素对蚯蚓的急性毒性和对蚯蚓生长、生存、繁殖以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-硫转移酶(GSH-S)、腺三磷酸酶(ATPase)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(T-CHE)活性的影响.结果表明,莫能菌素对蚯蚓14 d的LC50为75.883 mg·kg-1;当莫能菌素含量达到50 mg·kg-1时显著影响蚯蚓的生存(P<0.05),死亡率达到20%;当莫能菌素含量达到25 mg·kg-1时显著影响蚯蚓的生长(P<0.05);药物的染毒浓度与对蚯蚓生存和繁殖的抑制存在明显的剂量-效应关系.染毒21 d后,低浓度的兽药莫能菌素就能显著影响蚯蚓体内SOD、GSH-S、ATPase、T-CHE的活性,药物浓度和酶活性间具有明显的剂量-效应关系.莫能菌素对土壤动物蚯蚓显示有毒性作用,对土壤环境具有潜在的生态风险.