生长阶段及温度对微藻细胞总ATP酶活性的影响

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、大溪地球等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana daxidi)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)为实验对象,探讨批次培养过程中不同生长阶段及不同温度处理的藻细胞总ATP酶活性.结果表明:三种微藻在不同生长阶段的细胞总ATP...     

西瓜柱头ATP酶活性及分泌活动研究

用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了西瓜柱头结构、ATP酶活性和分泌活动。结果表明,柱头属于湿柱头类型,最外层是乳突细胞,内层为薄壁组织。授粉后10min,乳突细胞质膜和胞间连丝上ATP酶活性强;30min后,质膜上ATP酶活性极弱,但液泡膜上有很强的ATP酶活性;授粉1h后,ATP酶活性很难检测到。分泌活动始于开花前1d;开花后,授粉的柱头分泌活动急剧增强,授粉10min后分泌物最多,30min后不再产生新分泌物;1h后,细胞解体;24h后分泌物变干燥;未授粉的柱头分泌活动没有激增过程。     

Ultracytochemical Localization and Functional Analysis of ATPase During the Endosperm Development in Oryza sativa L.

Ultracytochemical localization of ATPase during development of rice endosperm was performed using a lead phosphate precipitation technique. The results indicated that, at the coenocyte and ceilularization stages, active ATPase was mainly distributed in an embryo sac wall, nucleus, and plasma membrane. At the early stage of development and differentiation, active ATPase was observed in the plasma membrane. At the grain filling stage, ATPase was highly active in the plasma membrane, intercellular space, and plasmodesmata in aleurone, moderately active on the plasma membrane in subaleurone. In starchy endosperm, ATPase was localized in the plasma membrane and degenerated nucleus. ATPase activity also appeared around vacuole and protein body in endosperm cell. The relationships between the ultracytochemical localization of ATPase and its function during the development of rice endosperm were discussed. Overall, ATPase was involved in the process of nutrition absorption and protein synthesis.     

Effects of Exogenous Cinnamic Acids on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings

In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shandong Mici cucumber were tested. The results showed that seedlings growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane were inhibited by cinnamic acids. The growth and root activities of seedlings were significantly （P〈0.05） lower in the soil amended with 100 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids compared to the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a＋b and carotenoid of seedlings significantly （P〈0.05） decreased in the soil amended with 200 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids, whereas ATPase activities exhibited a higher sensitivity and greatly decreased in the soil amended with 50 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids. These results suggested that cinnamic acids could induce a stress condition, and the stress intensities increased with enhanced cinnamic acid concentration.     

温度与膜脂脂肪酸对不同抗冷性玉米幼苗ATP酶的影响

我们以抗冷性不同的玉米幼苗（１—４级，抗冷性递减）为材料，研究了其线粒体ＡＴＰ酶在１１℃、２４℃的活力、温度变化时其活化能（Ｅａ）的突变温度以及线粒体膜脂脂肪酸组成。结果表明在１１℃条件下，ＡＴＰ酶活力随品种抗冷性增加而增强；酶活化能折，点温度随品种抗个性增加而降低，脂肪酸的不饱和指数随品种抗个性增加而增大。这说明膜脂不饱和度控制着ＡＴＰ酶的活力，Ｅａ的折点温度受膜流动性的影响并与品种抗冷性有关，我们认为ＡＴＰ酶Ｅａ的折点温度可作为玉米幼苗抗个性生化指标。另外通过玉米幼苗抗冷性锻炼表明：ＡＴＰ酶Ｅａ折点温度没变化，说明幼苗抗冷潜力很小。     

Effects of Xinkang recipe on myocardial miR-25-3p expression and SERCA2a activity in heart failure rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of Xinkang recipe on myocardial miR-25-3p expression and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) activity in heart failure rats. METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham group, model group, Xinkang recipe group (Xinkang group), and captopril group. The heart failure rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. Distilled water, Xinkang recipe and captopril were administrated by gastric gavage for 35 d, respectively. The indexes of cardiac function and plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured. The SERCA2a activity was determined by the inorganic phosphorus method. The myocardial protein expression of SERCA2a and phospholamban (PLB) was detected by Western blot. The myocardial expression of miR-25-3p was detected by stem-loop RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Cardiac output (CO), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in Xinkang group and captopril group were significantly higher while the plasma levels of BNP were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.01). The myocardial expression levels of miR-25-3p in Xinkang group and captopril group were significantly lower while the myocardial protein le-vels of SERCA2a and PLB were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.01). The SERCA2a/PLB ratio and SERCA2a activity in Xinkang group were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05), and no significant change was observed between captopril group and model group. CONCLUSION: Xinkang recipe therapy may improve cardiac function in heart failure rats, which may be related to inhibiting the expression of miR-25-3p, increasing the SERCA2a/PLB ratio and enhancing SERCA2a activity in the myocardium.     

Characterisation of energy-dependent efflux of imazalil and fenarimol in isolates of Penicillium italicum with a low,medium and high degree of resistance to DMI-fungicides

Differential accumulation of [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol by germlings of wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates ofPenicillium italicum was studied at various pH values. At pH 7 and 8 the low-resistant isolate E_300–3 accumulated 22% and 35%, respectively, less imazalil than the wild-type isolate W₅. Imazalil accumulation at pH 5 and 6 was similar. Isolate E_300–3 also accumulated less fenarimol as compared with the wild-type isolate. This difference was much more obvious than for imazalil and was observed at all pH values tested. Differences in accumulation of both imazalil and fenarimol between low (E_300–3), medium (H₁₇) and high resistant (I₃₃) isolates were not observed. These results suggest that decreased accumulation of DMIs is responsible for a low level of resistance only and that additional mechanisms of resistance might operate in isolates with a medium and high degree of resistance. With all isolates fenarimol accumulation was energy-dependent. This was not obvious for imazalil.The wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates had a similar plasma membrane potential as determined with the probe [¹⁴C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide ([¹⁴C]TPP⁺). Various test compounds, among which ATPase inhibitors, ionophoric antibiotics and calmodulin antagonists, affected the accumulation of [¹⁴C]TPP⁺, [¹⁴C]imazalil and [¹⁴C]fenarimol. No obvious correlation between the effects of the test compounds on accumulation levels of the fungicides and [¹⁴C]TPP⁺ could be observed. These results indicate that the plasma membrane potential does not mediate the efflux of DMI fungicides byP. italicum.     

北方白菜型冬油菜的膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase活性对温度的响应

为了解北方白菜型冬油菜膜脂脂肪酸和ATPase活性与抗寒性的关系,以抗寒性强的冬油菜品种陇油7号和抗寒性弱的品种天油2号为材料,研究了不同温度处理(25°C、10°C、2°C、–5°C)后叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫下2个冬油菜品种叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分相同,叶片中不饱和脂肪酸以亚麻酸为主,根系不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主。随处理温度的降低,2个冬油菜品种叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量呈先降低(10°C,2°C)后增加(–5°C)的趋势;陇油7号根中不饱和脂肪酸含量逐步增加,天油2号则逐步降低;在低温条件下(2°C,–5°C),陇油7号膜脂U/S比值、IUFA值高于天油2号;ATPase活性表现为陇油7号逐渐高于天油2号。说明2个冬油菜品种的膜脂在低温响应上存在一定差异,低温下不饱和脂肪酸含量和ATPase活性的提高是强抗寒冬油菜品种在北方旱寒区严酷环境条件下能安全越冬的重要原因。     

Characterization of Ca-ATPase activity in gill microsomes of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) and heavy metal modulations

Freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis showed a Ca²⁺-stimulated ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction of gill. Mg²⁺ was also found to be an activating cation for this ATPase enzyme. Ca²⁺ ATPase showed maximal activity at 40 °C and between pH 7.5–8.0. Substrate specificity of Ca²⁺ ATPase was highest with ATP, followed by GTP and other trinucleotides such as UTP, CTP and ADP also showed some amount of hydrolysis. Ca²⁺ ATPase showed slight inhibition with ruthenium red and sodium vanadate and is insensitive to sodium azide, ouabain, oligomycin B and phenylalanine. Heavy metals like Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ showed 50% inhibition of Ca²⁺ ATPase activity at concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM, respectively whereas Cd²⁺ and Ni²⁺ showed 39% and 28% inhibition of enzyme activity at 1 mM concentrations.     

荔枝P型ATP酶基因家族鉴定及其在采后贮藏过程中响应拮抗菌N-1的表达模式分析

P型ATP酶是植物体内一种重要的膜转运蛋白,在果实能量代谢和酸代谢中发挥重要作用,并广泛参与植物离子运输、抗逆、细胞信号转导等各项生命活动,然而在荔枝或其他无患子科植物中尚未对P型ATP酶基因家族进行全面分析,本研究基于‘妃子笑’荔枝转录组数据,通过对这些基因进行生理生化分析、生物信息学分析和表达分析,共鉴定了28个P型ATP酶基因家族成员基因,探讨P型ATP酶在荔枝采后贮藏过程中的潜在功能。结构和系统发育分析表明该基因可以分为5个亚家族,同一亚族的基因在基因结构和motif基序方面具有很大的相似性,其蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋为主,亚细胞定位预测分析发现LcPAs多定位于线粒体（21/28）。通过转录组分析,在采后贮藏期间,荔枝P型ATP酶家族基因中上调表达的基因明显高于下调表达基因,暗示其可能在荔枝采后品质劣变过程中发挥着积极的抵御作用。使用拮抗菌N-1处理荔枝可以有效抑制其果实采后褐变和病害的发生,结合RT-qPCR结果,发现拮抗菌N-1处理能诱导LcPA1、LcPA7、LcPA8和LcPA19在整个贮藏过程中的上调表达,并维持了较高的ATP酶活性,进一步说明P型ATP酶家族基因在抑制荔枝病变过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究为了解荔枝P型ATP酶基因家族基因的进化和功能分析提供了参考,为深入了解拮抗菌N-1保鲜机理的分子调控机理提供新的证据。