The effects of azadirachtin and nucleopolyhedrovirus on midgut enzymatic profile of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effects of azadirachtin (AZA) and nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) on midgut enzyme activity in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Tobacco cutworm) were evaluated. Gut enzyme activities were decreased by AZA and NPV individually and in combination. When S. litura larvae were fed a diet of castor leaves treated with AZA and NPV in bioassays, gut enzyme—acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase—activities were decreased. There were statistically significant differences (P ? 0.05) in enzyme activities between combined and individual treatment. A synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and virus was found when combined in low doses. These effects are most pronounced in early instars. Maximum weight loss (59-72%) occurred, when AZA and NPV were combined.     

Disaccharide combinations and the expression of enolase3 and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase isoform in sturgeon sperm cryopreservation

Acipenser sinensis and Acipenser dabryanus are critically endangered species, so germplasm conservation via cryopreservation of sperm is necessary. Disaccharides can act as membrane‐impermeable cryoprotectants, and enolase3 (ENO3) and plasma membrane Ca²⁺ ATPase isoform (PMCA2) are proteins associated with sperm quality. We considered seven characteristics of sperm quality in cultured brood stock from A. sinensis and A. dabryanus. We tested use of sucrose or trehalose alone and in combination at different concentrations for cryopreservation of A. dabryanus sperm. A low concentration of sucrose plus trehalose (S₁₅T₁₅) was optimal. Mixing of the extender with sucrose, lactose, or trehalose alone or with pairwise mixtures revealed that a mixture of lactose and trehalose (L₁₅T₁₅) gave the best results for both A. sinensis and A. dabryanus. Enolase3 and PMCA2 expression levels were measured in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm via Western blotting. Relative ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels were examined, and the relationship between disaccharide composition, sperm quality and protein expression was explored in A. sinensis. The results showed that relative ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels were the highest at L₁₅T₁₅ in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm. There were significant positive correlations between ENO3 expression and percentage membrane integrity, and between PMCA2 expression and sperm motility parameters (percentage of motile sperm, curvilinear velocity, straight‐line velocity and average path velocity; p < .05) in cryopreserved A. sinensis sperm. Our results indicate the optimal disaccharide combination and concentrations for cryopreservation of A. sinensis and A. dabryanus sperm and suggest that ENO3 and PMCA2 expression levels could serve as a valuable indicator of sperm quality in A. sinensis.     

美洲大蠊Na~ -K~ -ATPase作为筛选靶标的初步研究

以美洲大蠊 (Periplanata americana)雄性成虫的中枢神经系统为试材 ,对 Na -K - ATPase作为农药筛选靶标进行了初步研究 ,表明 Na - K - ATPase活力测定的最适反应条件是 :酶源蛋白浓度 8.5μg/ m L,温度 30℃ ,p H7.4 ,反应时间 15min。同时以最佳反应系统初步研究了几种拟除虫菊酯 (南开菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴灭菊酯、氰戊菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、胺菊酯 )对 Na - K - ATPase离体活性的影响 ,结果显示出不同程度的抑制作用。并对其用作农药筛选靶标的可能性进行了探讨。     

生长阶段及温度对微藻细胞总ATP酶活性的影响

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、大溪地球等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana daxidi)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)为实验对象,探讨批次培养过程中不同生长阶段及不同温度处理的藻细胞总ATP酶活性.结果表明:三种微藻在不同生长阶段的细胞总ATP...     

不同强度静电场长期处理对3种作物几种光合生理指标的影响

在0.1、0.3和0.5 kV·cm-1不同场强的静电场长期作用下,大豆、黄瓜和油青菜心叶片的叶绿素含量、PSⅡ的潜在活性和原初光能转换效率、叶绿体Mg2 -ATP酶和Ca2 -ATP酶活性以及光合代谢产物可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均有不同程度的提高,表明用静电场长期处理作物能够有效地改善作物的光合性能,促进作物的光合作用与光合产物的积累.不同作物对不同场强静电场的响应有所差异,本试验条件下,对大豆、黄瓜和油青菜心处理效果最好的静电场强度分别为0.1、0.3 和0.5 kV·cm-1.     

水杨酸与高温锻炼对高温胁迫下葡萄叶肉细胞质膜ATPase活性的影响

采用水性两相分配法对经水杨酸(SA)和高温锻炼处理过的葡萄幼苗叶肉细胞中ATPase进行了分离和测定.结果表明:高温下,细胞质膜ATPase活性随着胁迫程度的加深均呈下降趋势,经SA和高温锻炼预处理后再经高温胁迫,发现质膜ATPase的活性低于正常条件下的水平(CK1),但明显高于未经处理直接进行高温胁迫后ATPase活性水平,即高温锻炼和SA预处理的质膜酶活仍保持了较高的活性,并且后一种处理效果更明显.说明质膜上ATPase活性的变化对高温胁迫作出了一定的响应,SA和高温锻炼对提高葡萄幼苗叶片的抗热性与二者可以维持细胞质膜上ATPase活性的稳定有关.     

肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能影响的实验研究

目的:研究肉苁蓉对感染性休克肝线粒体功能的影响,探讨肉苁蓉在细胞水平治疗感染性休克的机制.方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组,12 h对照组,12 h给药组,16 h对照组和16 h给药组.采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)复制感染性休克模型,比较各组存活率和平均动脉压(MAP),肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR),ADP/O比值的变化.结果:大鼠在复制感染性休克模型后,肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率和ADP/O比值显著降低,24 h存活率明显下降.给药组肝线粒体ATP酶活性,呼吸控制率(RCR)和ADP/O比值较对照组明显改善(P＜0.05),与大鼠死亡率的降低呈明显正相关.结论:肉苁蓉能增强线粒体摄氧功能和氧化磷酸化功能,恢复感染性休克线粒体的正常的能量代谢功能.     

刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆刺五加叶绿体的ATP合酶β亚基cDNA并对其进行生物信息学分析。[方法]根据已知物种叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因的序列,设计1对同源引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,并对其进行序列比对及结构预测分析。[结果]RT-PCR扩增获得了长1099bp的刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,该基因编码366个氨基酸。序列比对及结构预测分析表明,刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因编码的氨基酸与水稻的同源性最高,达96.41%。其二级结构中含有171个α螺旋（alpha helix）,占46.72%;53个延伸链（extended strand）,占14.48%;27个β折叠（beta turn）,占7.38%;115个无规则蜷曲（random coil）,占31.42%。第262～271位氨基酸为ATP合酶β亚基的标志性位点。整个多肽链无明显的疏水区域,初步认定为亲水性蛋白。[结论]该试验克隆得到的ATP合酶β亚基基因为叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因,为研究刺五加能量代谢对植物次生代谢的影响及了解植物ATP合酶的结构与功能提供了必要的信息。     

硅酸盐细菌促进玉米生长的生理机制

采用土培与水培试验相结合的方法研究了硅酸盐细菌促进玉米生长的生理学机制。结果表明，硅酸盐细菌可以增加玉米的生物量和含水量；叶片中叶绿素的含量比对照高20％以上。硅酸盐细菌还能提高植物体内的硝酸还原酶(NRA)和ATPase的活性，促进植物对N素的吸收和利用。硅酸盐细菌处理可降低介质中的pH，从而有利于介质中养分的活化与迁移。     

蛇床子素对小麦赤霉病菌葡萄糖、钙吸收和三磷酸腺苷酶活性的抑制

蛇床子素可抑制小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长干重;含有14C标记的葡萄糖培养基中培养小麦赤霉病菌,以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理,其菌体内14C放射强度比对照降低43％,表明蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌对葡萄糖的吸收;以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理小麦赤霉病菌12 h,菌体内总钙含量仅为对照的60%,表明蛇床子素能抑制菌体对钙的吸收;蛇床子素处理对β-1,6-葡聚糖酶活性没有显著影响;离体条件下,蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性。