Assessment of irrigation scenarios to improve performances of Lingot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in southwest France

In the context of climate change, producing the same amount of food with less water has become a challenge all over the world. This is also true for the Lingot bean production in the area of Castelnaudary of southwest France where market competition with imported bean has made it crucial to achieve high yields to maintain production in the area. The use of an appropriate and robust crop model can help to identify crop management solutions to face such issues. We used SSM-legumes, a crop model generic to legume species, as well as field observations recorded over five years on eight farms of the Castelnaudary area to assess the effect of different irrigation scenarios on bean yield and water consumption. First, it was demonstrated that the SSM-legumes model is robust in simulating the development and growth of Lingot bean in non-stressed or moderately stressed conditions of this region regarding water and nutrient availability. Then, the use of the model to compare irrigation scenarios provided guidance on how to improve irrigation management for Lingot bean production. These results showed that farmers could achieve slightly higher yields with less water by basing irrigation decisions on the water content of the soil.     

对崔-Lawson氏种群增长模型的探讨(Ⅲ)

简要述评了关于崔-Lawson模型讨论中的各种观点。作者认为崔-Lawson模型的推导过程中隐含有严重错误,不能将Michaelis-Menten方程视为崔-Lawson模型的理论基础。本文依据Smith模型提出了一个适合于描述S形增长过程的、具有可变拐点位置的方程(dN)/(dt)=a_m((N_m-N)/(N_m+kN))N。     

泰安市种植业污染综合评价与研究

随机抽取调查1237个典型地块农户,针对泰安市种植业污染源中的化肥、农药、农用地膜施用状况及农作物秸秆的去向,进行了综合调查。应用层次分析法,对调查资料进行了分析,确定了评价指标的权重,并据此建立了泰安市种植业污染评价模型,为定量地评价泰安市种植业的污染状况,正确判断环境形势,科学制定环境保护的政策和规划提供依据。     

基于分布式业务流程模型的建模方法分析

本文主要分析了在以Web Services为基础创建业务流程模型的过程中,如何进行分布式业务流程的元模型定义与模型中的消息管理及其方法,从而方便企业的业务整合,以实现企业资源的优化配置,从而适应复杂多变的商务环境。     

土壤无机氮解吸模型及其特征值生物效应研究

8种土壤126个氮素解吸实验表明,解吸模型C=ClH-a能模拟土壤铵态氮、硝态氮的解吸动态规律,其中有125个实验的复相关系数达到极显著水平。盆栽试验和田间试验结果表明,对生长期较短的空心菜、菜心和莴苣而言,土壤氮素可解吸量Q和土壤溶液氮素初始浓度C li与供试蔬菜的氮素吸收量和产量之间有显著的抛物线型关系,为评价土壤氮素生物有效性和临界指标提供了一种新方法。     

基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型

以球体与平面接触时的切向接触刚度以及粗糙平面接触的分形理论为基础 ,基于 3个假设 ,即粗糙表面的微观形貌各向同性 ,粗糙表面上各微凸体之间的相互作用可以忽略不计 ,各微凸体所受的力与其接触面积的大小成正比 ,从理论上提出了具有尺度独立性的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型 ,并进行了定性的实验验证 ,说明了该模型的正确性。     

管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟

建立了管网中泵破坏瞬变流的数值模拟，该模型考虑了泵破坏无量纲非线性边界条件，运用特征线法对方程进行了求解。经验证，证明模型是可靠的，可用于工程分析计算。     

Habitat analysis of the commercial tuna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

We have extracted information on the habitats of bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by matching the spatial‐temporal distribution of catch and effort of purse seine and longline fleets collected by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission with oceanographic conditions and subjecting the matched data to Quotient Analysis and General Additive Models (GAMs). These analyses yielded the following results. The habitats defined by the GAM analysis of young fish differ significantly between two periods, one before and one after the introduction of fish aggregation devices (FADs). This was not true for the older fish caught by longline. We speculate that these changes were caused by the extensive use of FADs. Younger bigeye and yellowfin caught by the purse seine fleet have a different preference of environmental variables compared to older fish caught by longline. This is to be expected since tuna of different age groups have different sizes, metabolic capabilities and swimming skills. Moreover, as revealed by GAMs, the habitats of young fish differ between species to a much larger degree than those of older fish. Our results indicate the fundamental differences between fishing methods, targeted species, and operating region of the two fisheries. Specifically, young bigeye occupy equatorial waters farther from the coast and where the hypoxic layer is deeper, young skipjack occupy more productive waters associated with equatorial and coastal upwelling, and young yellowfin occupy broad areas where waters are underlain by a shallow hypoxic layer.     

柴油机曲轴有限元分析及结构优化设计

对一车用柴油机整体曲轴建立了符合实际情况的三维模型,采用有限元法对其进行了三维有限元分析,研究了整体曲轴的应力状态,并对其在交变载荷下的疲劳强度进行了校核。同时对曲轴结构参数,圆角形状优化和圆角应力分布等相关问题进行了探讨。最后对曲轴进行了模态分析。为柴油机曲轴的结构设计提供了有价值的理论依据。     

基于农户调查的江汉平原地区农村土地流转意愿研究及影响因素分析

农户是参与农地流转的主体之一,实现土地合理流转必须以尊重农民意愿为前提。以江汉平原为研究区,运用Logistic二元回归模型对研究区278户农户土地流转意愿的影响因素进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)研究区农户的土地流转意愿较低,流出土地的农户比例为17.99%,流入土地的农户比例为25.17%;(2)影响农户土地流出意愿的主要因素是农地收入功能、外出务工劳动比例和耕地面积,农地收入功能越高,外出务工人数越少,耕地面积越多,农户的土地流出意愿越强;(3)影响农户土地流入意愿的主要因素是户主文化水平、农地政策了解程度、是否具备耕种能力、农地收入功能、耕地质量和村集体经济状况,户主文化水平越高,对农地政策越了解,耕种能力越强,农地收入越高,农户的农地流入意愿越强,而耕地质量越高,村集体经济状况越好,农户的农地流入意愿越弱。