高职校企合作中的易忽略要素及系统构建

高职教育与其他高等教育的本质区别就在于其不只强调理论的传授,更重要的是强调技能在工作场中的应用与实践。高职教育中的校企合作则是实现理论与实践相结合的重要途径。通过对目前高职院校校企合作中易忽视要素的研究,从系统观角度重新构建校企合作模型,可以为高职院校进一步深化校企合作提供参考。     

Development and evaluation of a model for prediction of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretions in cattle

The reduction of nitrogen (N) excretion in animal production is crucial in intensive farming systems particularly in the developed countries. In this study, a model to predict N excretion in cattle was developed based on existing feeding standards and evaluated using independent N balance experiments for Holstein steers and lactating cows and Japanese Black (JB) steers. Although model predictions for fecal and urinary N excretions appeared to be close to observed values in plot figures, statistical analysis showed that the model tended to over-predict both fecal and urinary N excretions, especially in Holstein lactating cows. This was because body weight changes of cows during lactation period were not considered in the model due to the lack of information (i.e., body weight gain or loss) available in the experimental data for evaluation. There were large mean bias and small line bias for urinary N prediction, but reverse results were obtained for fecal N prediction. The largest mean square prediction errors for both N excretions were due to random variation in all cases. When all data were pooled (combined), the accuracy for predictions for fecal N excretion was considerably high (r² = 0.94), indicating that the model may predict fecal N excretion beyond breeds, sexes and physiological states (growing and lactating). More information and accumulated data will be required to predict urinary N excretion under a wide range of genotype and environmental situation.     

古树名木年轮宽度及其影响因子相互关系系统的设计与实现

研究并设计了系统的结构模型,从这一结构模型中反映出,系统设计与实现的核心是“三库”(数据库、方法库、模型库),除了方法的定义外,将方法、模型、数据三者集中存储在关系数据库中进行管理,实现了“三库”的无缝连接。客户端程序界面采用面向对象编程语言实现,客户端与数据库的交互通过ADO接口技术实现。     

Dendrometric and dasometric analysis of the bushy biomass in Mediterranean forests

The aim of this study was to define the dendrometric and dasometric parameters of five Mediterranean bushy plant species, to make their environmental assessment and to determine correlations with LIDAR data. The species studied were: Quercus coccifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ulex parviflorus, Cistus albidus, and Erica multiflora. We calculated the global form factor for each species so as to be able to determine the volume of the plants by measuring their base diameter and length. The model volume closest to the real volume was the cylinder, which had form factor values of between 0.8 and 2.33. We also studied the evolution of the moisture content of the vegetation after cutting. The initial values were from 20 to 30%, with a dry density of 1 t/m³. We defined an occupation factor to determine the relationship between the real volume occupied by the plants in an area and a model volume (hemisphere, paraboloid, cone, and cylinder). The occupation factor was similar for the five species studied in dm³ of material per m³ of (model) apparent volume: 3.5 dm³/m³ for the cylinder; 12.5 dm³/m³ for the cone; 8.5 dm³/m³ for the paraboloid; and 14.5 dm³/m³ for the hemisphere. These factors enabled us to calculate the biomass contained in an apparent volume of bushes (including materials and hollows) by density. The prediction models tested in this study will thus serve to determine the biomass of a bushy forest area when the Canopy Height Model (CHM) is calculated from LIDAR data.     

湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量评价

基于生态系统可持续发展理论,构建了由社会、经济、自然环境和自然灾害4个子系统和28个2级指标组成的湿地生态环境质量评价指标体系;以信息熵理论为基础建立了客观确定权重的综合信息熵模型,层次分析法和综合信息熵模型法相结合确定指标权重;采用灰色关联模型对湖南省重要湿地2002~2006年生态环境质量进行评价。结果表明:湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量整体上属中等水平;洞庭湖、官庄、青山垅湿地综合评价值较低,生态环境质量较差;涔天河、酒埠江、黄石、凤滩、铁山生态环境质量为中等;东江湖、双牌和柘溪湿地生态环境质量始终处在良好水平。     

森林采伐限额与林业企业生产经营优化的探讨

简述了实施森林采伐限额制度的意义，以及实施限量采伐对林业企业经济的影响。利用投入产出与线性规划最优化模型对林业企业生产经营进行优化设计，提出了解决林业企业民限量采伐矛盾的方法和途径。     

基于时延神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识的研究

木材干燥是一个复杂、多变的过程，传统的系统辨识方法很难建立一个理想的木材干燥模型。利用时延神经网络的特点，本文提出了基于时延神经网络的木材干燥模型辨识方法，并给出了辨识网络和结构。对辨识得到模型的仿真结果表明，利用时延神经网络所建立的模型是可靠且有效的。     

红松高生长模型的研究(英文)

高生长模型是定量研究树木生长过程的有效途径,本文应用双曲线方程、Logistic方程、三个参数的Richards方程及四个参数的Richards方程对红松的高生长进行了研究。结果表明四个参数的Richards方程在模拟红松高生长时最为合适,且当其参数取不同的数值时,该方程可转化为其它理论方程。在使用四个参数的Richards方程时,可根据立地条件事先给定树高最大值,这样可使模型更符合实际情况。此外,文中还对一种以固定年龄时实际树高为参数值的模型进行了讨论,该模型对于计算给定树木的高生长将更为有效。     

基于Lokta-Volterra模型的农业生产托管两主体共生演化研究

基于共生理论构建托管农户与托管服务组织两主体共生演化Lokta-Volterra动态模型,探讨不同共生系数下两主体共生演化的均衡结果,并在此基础上利用数值仿真模拟两主体共生演化模式。研究表明：托管农户与托管服务组织在不同共生环境下会形成寄生共生、偏利共生和互惠共生三种共生模式,且三种模式具有动态演化的特征;托管农户与托管服务组织共生演化的均衡结果取决于二者间的共生系数;托管农户与托管服务组织在互惠共生模式下才能达到最优的发展状态。最后,基于模型结果提出相应的政策建议。     

Evaluating irrigation strategies for lettuce by simulation: 1. Water flow simulations

Among crop systems, vegetable crops with high inputs of fertilizer and water represent an important threat to the quality of the water. To give guidelines to growers and decision-makers for crop management, numerous fertilization and irrigation practices in various situations should be evaluated with regard to their production and pollution effects.

Here, we used a model of water flow and solute transport (Lafolie, 1991) to compare three irrigation strategies with regard to their effects on the water balance. The model was run for a lettuce crop for two growing periods (summer and autumn) and over 100 years in French Mediterranean conditions. The three strategies were (1) the current strategy based on the occurrence of rainfall, (2) a strategy based on a simplified modelling of the soil water balance and (3) a strategy based on tensiometer readings.

As expected, strategy 1 was very water and time-consuming. Compared with strategy 2, strategy 3 appeared as a good choice, minimizing the waste of water: it involved less irrigation and less drainage loss. The crop was also less stressed by this strategy.