黄瓜果实苦味Bt基因的AFLP分子标记

 运用AFLP技术, 采用集群分析法(BSA) 进行与黄瓜果实苦味基因连锁的分子标记的研究,找到了与苦味基因连锁的两个显性AFLP标记: E23M662101和E25M652213。这两个标记与Bt基因的遗传距离分别为5 cM和4 cM, 分别位于Bt基因的两侧。该标记可用于无苦味黄瓜的分子标记辅助育种。     

采用AFLP技术分析稻曲病菌的遗传多样性Ⅰ:同一块稻田中稻曲病菌的遗传结构

 采用AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术分析了来自北京昌平同一块稻田中不同水稻品种和育种中间材料上稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)的遗传多样性。从256对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物中选择30对扩增40个菌株。结果表明,同一块稻田中稻曲病菌菌株间的相似性系数达0.72以上,来自同一小区的多数菌株能聚成亚类;发现从同一水稻品种分离的菌株没有特异性的AFLP谱带。初步推断稻曲病菌与水稻品种不存在明显的专化性互作。     

菠萝DNA的提取及AFLP反应体系的建立

为了应用AFLP分子标记对菠萝种资源进行种质鉴定、分类及亲缘关系等方面的研究,最重要的是要获得高质量的DNA,菠萝叶片革质化程度较高,且纤维、多糖、多酚等次生代谢物质含量较多,严重干扰DNA的抽提或影响其后的AFLP双酶切及其扩增反应,本研究以菠萝叶片为材料,利用改良CTAB法得到了39个高质量的菠萝分类群的DNA基因组,并进行了AFLP分析,得到了条带清晰、多态性好的菠萝品种指纹图谱,这为菠萝基因库的建立、优良品种选育以及亲缘关系的系列研究提供理论依据。     

不同灵芝类群药效的特异性研究

通过对10种灵芝的表型性状及亲缘关系进行分析将灵芝聚为3类,对不同类群灵芝菌株的免疫调节、抗疲劳及改善睡眠的药效作用进行了比较研究。结果表明:灵芝的功效具有特异性,不同类群间存在功效差异性。     

Identification of AFLP fragments linked to seedlessness in Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and conversion to SCAR markers

Seedlessness is a desirable trait in citrus and has been an important breeding objective. In this study, we employed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to find molecular markers linked to the seedless trait in the Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). After screening with 72 primer pairs, 5 AFLP markers were identified that putatively correlated with the target trait. Their association was also tested by analyzing the AFLP profile from pooled individual accessions. The five fragments were cloned and sequenced, and BLAST searches showed that four of the markers had high homology to functional genes, providing some promising information that may aid in understanding the molecular mechanism of seedlessness in citrus. Based on the sequence information, eight specific primers were designed and eventually fragments AFLP-2 and AFLP-5 were successfully converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Thus, the markers detected could be useful for accelerating citrus breeding programmes by enabling early screening for seedlessness mutations using marker-assisted selection.     

运用AFLP技术估计毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的遗传杂合水平

首次报道以毛新杨 (Populustomentosa×P .bolleana)无性系TB0 1×毛白杨 (P .tomentosa)无性系LM5 0的回交子代 12 0株随机个体为材料 ,利用扩增性片断长度多态性 (AFLPs)标记技术研究毛白杨及其杂种毛新杨的遗传平均杂合水平。研究结果表明 :30对不同的AFLP引物组合能够检测到毛白杨的遗传平均杂合水平范围为 9 10 %～ 30 19% ,平均为 18 71% ;而毛新杨的遗传平均杂合范围为 1 39%～ 2 0 31% ,平均杂和水平约为 8 4 7%。因此 ,对于分离群体亲本杂合度来说 ,毛白杨平均杂合度为毛新杨的 2 2 1倍。     

Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

AFLP-based genetic linkage map of marine shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis

This paper presents the genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) chinensis constructed with 472 AFLP markers. A hundred F₁ progeny from an intercross between a female from the new variety “Yellow Sea No. 1” and wild caught male used for the mapping study. Two separate maps were constructed for each parent. The female linkage map consisted of 197 marker loci forming 35 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 2191.1 cM, with an average marker space of 13.5 cM. The male map consisted of 194 marker loci mapped to 36 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 1737.3 cM, with an average marker spacing of 11.0 cM. The level of segregation distortion observed in this study was 12.2%. The estimated genome length of P. chinensis was 3150.3 cM for the female and 2549.3 cM for the male, respectively. The observed genome coverage was 69.6% for the female and 68.1% for the male map. The linkage maps constructed in this study provide basic information for further linkage studies on Chinese shrimp, and more importantly, the construction of the maps are part of the work of the genetic breeding programs which will be used for growth discovered in the QTL analysis of P. chinensis.     

与黄瓜感花叶病毒病基因连锁的分子标记

本研究以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)高感黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和高抗CMV亲本组合(HZL04-1×F-3)的F2分离群体为试材,采用极端个体分组法和AFLP技术筛选与黄瓜抗CMV基因连锁的分子标记.AFLP引物组合E22M88在抗病组和感病组间约200 bp处表现多态性.经F2单株分析,在感病亲本和感病单株中扩增出了约为200 bp的特异片段,而抗病亲本和抗病个体无此条带.该特异标记与CMV抗性基因相连锁,遗传距离为9.74 cM.测序结果显示,目标片段的大小为202 bp,并将该标记转换为了序列特征化扩增区域(SCAR)标记.提供了黄瓜材料CMV抗性鉴定的分子方法和手段,可用于分子标记辅助育种.     

Amplified fragment length polymorphism- and simple sequence repeat-based molecular tagging and mapping of greenbug resistance gene Gb3 in wheat

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is the most economically damaging aphid pest of wheat in the southern Great Plains of the USA. In this study, the single, dominant greenbug resistance gene, Gb3, was molecularly tagged and genetically mapped using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Three AFLP loci were associated with the Gb3 locus in linkage analysis with 75 F_2:3 families from the cross between two near‐isogenic lines (NILs) for Gb3,‘TXGBE273’ and ‘TXGBE281′. Two of these loci, XMgcc Pagg and Xmagg Patg cosegregate with Gb3 in the population analysed. Further analysis indicated that XMgcc Pagg and Xmagg Patg are specific for the Gb3 locus in diverse genetic backgrounds. Two SSR markers, Xgwm111 and Xgwm428 previously mapped in wheat chromosome 7D, were shown to be linked with Gb3, 22.5 cM and 33.1 cM from Gb3, respectively, in an F₂ population of ‘Largo’בTAM 107’, suggesting that Gb3 is located in the long arm of chromosome 7D. The two AFLP markers cosegregating with Gb3 are valuable tools in developing molecular markers for marker‐assisted selection of greenbug resistance in wheat breeding.