产ACC脱氨酶植物根际促生菌的筛选及其对修复植物高羊茅生长的影响

以1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为唯一氮源,从石油污染的土壤中分离得到一株具有ACC脱氨酶活性的菌株D5A.该菌在以ACC为唯一氮源条件下,其ACC脱氨酶比活力为0.084 U/mg.另外,D5A还具有产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)、耐盐以及溶磷的特性.在液体培养条件下该菌株产IAA高达112 mg/L,在90 g/kg盐含量的培养基中仍能够正常生长且具有较强的溶解矿物磷能力.同时该菌对酸碱具有良好的适应性,在初始pH4～10的LB培养基中生长良好.种子发芽试验表明在3 g/kg和6 g/kg浓度NaC1的逆境条件下,该菌株能显著提高高羊茅种子的发芽率和芽长.最后,通过对其进行生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析,该菌株初步鉴定为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiellasp.).     

ACC脱氨酶细菌对玉米影响的研究

用CS-2、SY-1-1两种ACC脱氨酶细菌的菌体悬浮液浸泡玉米种子,对各处理玉米的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势等萌发指标,玉米幼苗生长两周后的苗高、苗鲜重、根长、根鲜重等生态指标及过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量等生理指标进行了测定。结果表明：CS-2处理的发芽指数和发芽势在种植后的84 h都较对照高,苗高和根长优于对照并达到了显著性差异;SY-1-1处理的苗高和苗鲜重优于对照并达到了显著性差异;CS-2处理的幼苗过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量与对照相比均达到了显著性差异;SY-1-1处理的叶绿素含量优于对照并达到了显著性差异。     

乙烯对大豆产量及花器官发育的影响

    以大豆品种铁丰31为试验材料,探讨不同浓度乙烯抑制剂AVG(aminoethoxyvinylglycine)和促进剂ACC(1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid)对大豆花形态、花粉及单株产量等的影响.结果表明,供试品种经AVG处理后,与对照相比.成花量、花长度、花瓣长度、雄蕊柱长、花粉量、花粉管长度、秸杆重、单株荚数和单株产量随浓度增加而上升,花粉败育率下降,ACC处理的效果与AVG相反.两种处理对大豆花粉萌发率无明显影响.花粉扫描电镜结果显示,AVG处理的花粉长度增加,ACC处理的花粉部分出现扭曲与变形.     

赤霉素处理对采后柿果实乙烯生物合成的影响

712100 陕西省杨凌西北农林科技大学（西农校区）生命科学学院     

水稻籽粒中乙烯和ACC对土壤水分的反应及其与籽粒灌浆的关系

以武运粳8号(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为材,自抽穗后9 d至成熟期进行保持浅水层(WW)、土壤轻度落干(MD)和土壤水分严重亏缺(SD)3种处理。观察在不同土壤水分条件下灌浆期籽粒中乙烯和1-氨基环丙烷1-羧酸（ACC）浓度的变化及其与籽粒灌浆的关系,并使用化学调控物质进行验证。结果表明,MD显著提高籽粒灌浆速率和粒重,SD明显降低籽粒灌浆速率和粒重。籽粒中乙烯释放速率和ACC浓度在MD中降低,在SD中增加。籽粒乙烯释放速率及根系伤流液中ACC浓度与籽粒中ACC浓度呈极显著的正相关。籽粒灌浆速率与乙烯释放速率呈极显著负相关。在花后9~13 d喷施乙烯合成的抑制物质氨基－乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸(AVG),明显降低籽粒中ACC的浓度和乙烯的释放速率,显著提高了籽粒灌浆速率和粒重以及籽粒中的蔗糖合成酶（SuSase）、ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）和可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSSase）活性;喷施乙烯释放的促进物质乙烯利,结果则相反。表明结实期土壤轻度落干或适度干旱处理可以抑制水稻体内乙烯的产生,促进籽粒灌浆。     

Morphological characterisation and agronomic evaluation of transgenic broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) containing an antisense ACC oxidase gene

Morphological characterisation and agronomic evaluation was conducted on 12 transgenic broccolilines containing a tomato antisense1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase gene. Plants of three cultivars: Shogun (Sh), Green Beauty (Gy) and Dominator (D), were regenerated from hairy root cultures after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4T harbouring the binary vector pLN35. The T-DNA of pLN35 contains genes encoding a tomato antisense ACC oxidase gene (35S-ACC-5′7′) and a neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NOS-NPTII-NOS) for kanamycin resistance. The transgenic plants were transferred to a greenhouse and fertile plants obtained. Integration of the foreign DNA into the broccoli genome was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern analyses. Transgenic plants showed evidence of hairy root (HR)-induced morphological changes to varying degrees. Of the 12 characterised transgenic lines, three lines(Gy/7, D/1 and D/2) performed within the limits of acceptability for all head quality parameters analysed (size, density, colour, shape and leafiness). The ethylene production from stalks of four field-grown transgenic lines of Green Beauty broccoli showed significant reductions in activity relative to the control 98 h after harvest. The Dominator transgenic lines D/1 and D/2 showed significant improvements in head colour relative to the control from 48 h after harvest. These results are consistent with the ethylene production patterns determined previously for these lines. The head colour results are consistent with previous results suggesting that two enzyme systems may be involved in broccoli senescence, giving two bursts of ethylene production, with only the second burst inhibited by the antisense ACC oxidase gene used. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甘氨酰谷氨酰胺二肽对黄羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪代谢的影响及其机制的研究

选择360只1日龄优质黄羽肉鸡，随机分为4组，分别饮用凉开水配制的浓度为0、0．01、0．05和0．10mg／L的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺（Gly—Gin）二肽溶液，连续饮用41d。用甘油三酯试剂盒测定肝脏总甘油三酯的含量。采用相对定量RT—PCR的方法来检测ACC（acetyl—CoAcarboxylase）和PPAR0a（peroxisomeproliferator—activatedreceptorsa）mRNA的表达水平。试验结果表明：①Glv—Gln二肽能够呈现剂量依赖性的降低肝脏4CCmRNA的表达水平，0．10mg／LGly—Gin二肽处理组较对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）。②Glv—Gln二肽能够显著上调只附R仅基因mRNA的表达水平，其中0．05mg／LGly—Gln二肽处理组较对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）。③Gly—Gln二肽具有提高肝脏甘油三酯含量的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。以上结果提示，Glv—Gln二肽能够通过降低肝脏甘油三酯的合成，促进代谢，从而减少脂肪沉积水平。     

乙烯抑制剂对钾缺乏棉花根系生长和侧根形成的影响

The relationships between increased ethylene levels induced by potassium deficiency and the inhibition of root elongating and branching of cotton, were investigated by treating roots and leaves of cotton seedlings in hydroponic cultures containing ethylene precursor ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) and ethylene inhibitors AOA(aminooxyacetic acid), Co²⁺ and Ag⁺, respectively. The addition of ACC to K⁺-rich culture medium simulated the effects of K deficiency on root growth and branching, and aggravated the effects of K deficiency in K⁺-poor culture medium. In contrast, treatment with high concentrations of the ethylene synthesis inhibitor AOA decreased primary root length (PRL), lateral root length (LRL), and lateral root number(LRN) under low K conditions, and this was similar for the ethylene action inhibitor Ag⁺. Treatment with Co²⁺ under low K conditions significantly increased LRL and, at high concentrations, PRL, but caused reduced LRN at high concentrations. Our results indicated increased ethylene levels induced by K deficiency might account for inhibition of root elongation, but not for the suppression of root branching. Leaf application of Co²⁺ enhanced leaf area, root growth (PRL and LRL), and branching(LRN) of cotton seedlings grown under low K condition, though the effects of different Co²⁺ concentrations were not significant. These findings suggest that improving leaf growth might positively regulate root morphology.     

Apparent synergism between the positive effects of 1-MCP and modified atmosphere on storage life of banana fruit

Fruit of cv. Gros Michel banana were treated with 1-MCP (1000 nL L⁻¹ for 4 h at 25 °C) and then packed in non-perforated polyethylene (PE) bags for modified atmosphere storage (MAP). The bags were placed in corrugated cardboard boxes and stored at 14 °C. Fruit were removed from cool storage and ripened at room temperature using ethephon. The length of storage life was determined by the change in peel color to yellow, after this ethephon treatment. Fruit treated with 1-MCP + MAP had a storage life of 100 days. The storage life of control fruit (no 1-MCP and no MAP) was 20 days. Fruit held in PE bags without 1-MCP treatment had a 40 day storage life, and the same was found in fruit treated with 1-MCP but without PE bags. 1-MCP is an inhibitor of ethylene action, but also inhibited ethylene production, mainly through inhibition of ACC oxidase activity in the peel. MAP inhibited ethylene production mainly through inhibition of ACC oxidase, both in the peel and pulp. The combination of 1-MCP treatment and MAP storage resulted in much lower ethylene production due to inhibition of both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity.     

柿果ACC合成酶基因的克隆与植物表达载体的构建

以柿果组织中分离的总RNA为模板,经RT-PCR扩增到约1.1 kb的富有柿果ACC合成酶(Fuyu-ACS)的 基因片段,将此片段克隆到pGEMR-T easy vector上,经测序分析与Genbank中平核无柿果的DK-ACS1基因核苷酸 序列的同源性为99％。设计了2对带限制性内切酶位点的特异性引物,以测序质粒为模板,PCR扩增到2个ACS- Fuyu片段。2个片段经双酶切消化后,分别以正反2个方向插入到植物表达载体pBI121的35 S启动子和NOS终止 子之间,构建成Fuyu-ACS基因的植物表达载体。