ABA对杂交稻幼苗抗冷性机理的研究

杂交水稻幼苗３℃胁迫３６ｈ后，超氧物歧化酶活性和ＡＴＰ含量明显下降，膜脂过氧化作用加强，膜透性增大，当用１０＾５ｍｏｌ／ＬＡＢＡ预处理幼苗后，ＳＯＤ活性和ＡＴＰ含量下降受到抑制，膜脂过氧化作用减弱，膜透性降低，同位素示踪表明，ＡＢＡ使幼苗ＳＯＤ活性增强的原因是促进了ＳＯＤ的再合成，而不是激活其活性，同时证明，膜脂过氧化与ＳＯＤ活性的变化有着密切联系。     

外源ABA和GA_3对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发特性的影响

NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数以及胚根长和鲜重均显著下降,且随NaCl浓度的增加下降的幅度增大.外源ABA和GA3浸种处理均能显著缓解不同浓度NaCl对黄瓜种子萌发的抑制作用,1×10-6mol/L ABA和25 mg/L GA3处理可使75 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽指数比对照分别提高81.67%和77.78%;同时外源ABA和GA3浸种处理还可不同程度地缓解NaCl胁迫对黄瓜种子α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用,提高黄瓜幼苗子叶中超氧化物歧化酶活性.     

多效唑对水稻生长发育及其作用机制的研究

多效唑(MET)处理水稻植株后,使株高降低,分蘖增多,穗粒数下降,与此相应,植株体内的赤霉素(GA_3),生长素(IAA)、玉米素(Z)显著下降,脱落酸(ABA)显著增加。用生长调节剂 GA_3和氮肥可逆转多效唑的抑制作用而便株高增加,给受抑制植株施用GA_3和 IAA,可使植株内 GA_3和 IAA 含量相应上升。因此 MET 可通过调节植株体内 GA_3、IAA、Z、ABA 的含量调控植物生长     

氮钾营养对烟叶衰老过程中内源激素与叶绿素含量的影响

采用盆栽试验和田间试验研究了氮钾营养对烟叶衰老过程中内源激素与叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,随着烤烟中位叶片的成熟,氮、钾养分,叶绿素和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量均呈下降趋势,而脱落酸(ABA)含量则呈直线上升趋势。增施氮、钾肥料可以有效改善叶片氮、钾营养水平,增加叶绿素含量,提高叶片CTK含量,降低ABA含量,从而延缓叶片衰老。分析表明,烤烟叶片氮、钾含量与其叶绿素、CTK及CTK/ABA值呈极显著正相关关系,与ABA呈极显著负相关关系。因此,烤烟叶片内源激素的含量及其平衡关系与氮、钾营养关系密切,改变氮、钾肥料用量可以调控烤烟叶片的衰老速度。研究还表明,不论单独增施钾肥还是按比例同时增施氮、磷、钾肥,均可提高烟叶含钾量,尤其在烟叶发育前期效果更为突出,即使在钾素供应充足的情况下,成熟叶片中钾的转移能力依然很强。     

钙和ABA在番茄果实乙烯生物合成中的相互作用

研究了钙和ABA对不同成熟阶段和不同成熟模式番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum cv．Lichun)果实乙烯生成的影响，分析两者在乙烯生物合成系统中的相互作用。普通番茄绿熟果实组织圆片在用100μmol／L ABA和100mmol/L钙处理后，乙烯生成均很快增加。当用这两种试剂同时处理番茄果实圆片时，乙烯生成增加量明显比单一处理增加量大，表明两者在对绿熟番茄果实乙烯生成的影响中有协同作用关系。钙离子鳌合剂EGTA(乙二醇双乙胺醚-N，N’-四乙酸)对乙烯生成有抑制作用，用ABA和EGTA同时处理番茄圆片时，乙烯的生成量比EGTA单一处理的生成量要高。当用这些试剂处理未成熟番茄果实则产生不同的效果，ABA明显抑制乙烯生成，而钙却依然促进乙烯的生物合成，ABA和钙同时处理果实时，乙烯生成量介于二者单一处理之间，表明ABA和钙在未成熟番茄果实乙烯生成中表现出相互抑制作用。在转反义ACS番茄中，ABA和钙抑制未成熟果实的乙烯生成，而都促进了绿熟果实的乙烯生成。这表明ABA和钙在番茄果实不同成熟阶段和不同成熟模式的乙烯生物合成过程中有着不同的相互作用关系。     

植物在低温胁迫下的糖代谢研究进展

糖在植物中不仅用于能量代谢,也对植物生长发育、代谢调控及抵抗胁迫等具有重要调节作用。文章对植物在低温胁迫中糖积累的作用、影响糖积累的相关酶变化、外源ABA对低温胁迫下糖代谢影响等研究进展进行综述。展望植物抗寒研究,从基因、转录、蛋白及代谢等组学整体水平上探讨糖代谢应答低温胁迫及糖作为信号分子参与调控机制。     

Changes of Plasma Membrane H~+-ATPase Activities of Glycine max Seeds by PEG Treatment

The soybean (Glycine max) Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H+-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H+-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H+-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

ABA对花生胚离体发育的调节

实验结果表明，ＡＢＡ使花生离休胚处于胚性状态、抑制早萌并继续发育，ＡＢＡ的作用与其浓度有关。ＡＢＡ促进贮藏蛋白的合成，这种调控作用与胚的发育阶段有关。ＡＢＡ也促进了花生胚热稳定蛋白的合成和累积．     

葡萄果实始熟机理的研究——缓慢生长期外施激素和环剥的效应

在巨峰葡萄果实缓慢生长期对果实外施激素和对枝条环剥处理，结果表明，外源ＡＢＡ单独处理、果穗下方环剥与外源ＩＡＡ或ＡＢＡ联合处理均使始熟期提前到来；外源ＩＡＡ（３００ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理并没有推迟果实的始熟期，而外源ＧＡ３处理则使始熟延迟。分析各种处理果实的内源激素变化后认为，虽然果肉ＡＢＡ浓度的升高并不总与始熟期相一致，但ＡＢＡ做为始熟启动信息几乎是可以肯定的。ＩＡＡ浓度在始熟期毫无例外地下降到低谷，说明ＩＡＡ数量的减少也是始熟的必要条件之一。ＧＡ３处理在延迟始熟的同时减缓了ＩＡＡ的下降而并未影响ＡＢＡ的变化。果穗上下方环剥试验表明果实中启动成熟的ＡＢＡ可以不来源于叶片。讨论了果实中内外源激素的相互关系及其对始熟启动的调控机制     

Study on the Change of GAs,ABA Level and ABA／GAs Ratio in the Embryos of Spring Wheat and Winter Wheat During Vernalization

Spring wheat(cv.7742)and winter wheat (cv.Nongda 015) were vernalized by seed chilling,and the changes of GAs,ABA content and GAs/ABA ration in embryo wer investigated.The differences between cultivars,treatments and variety-treatment inleractions were significant for both GAs and ABA.The level of GAs and ABA as well as GAs/ABA ratio were hardly changed by seed chilling in spriug wheat Howerve,in winter wheat,the GAs content decreased much less compared with ABA that reduced sharply after chilling.It showed that the GAs/ABA ratio in winter wheat was increased remarkably(4.55 times)than in spring wheat.It was suggested that the absolute GAs Ievel was independent of the vernalization effect because there was a higher GAs Level before and after seed chilling in winter wheat when compared with spring wheat,One of the vemalization effects was the decline of ABA level that led to the increase of GAs/ABA ratio.