氮钾营养对烟叶衰老过程中内源激素与叶绿素含量的影响

采用盆栽试验和田间试验研究了氮钾营养对烟叶衰老过程中内源激素与叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,随着烤烟中位叶片的成熟,氮、钾养分,叶绿素和细胞分裂素(CTK)含量均呈下降趋势,而脱落酸(ABA)含量则呈直线上升趋势。增施氮、钾肥料可以有效改善叶片氮、钾营养水平,增加叶绿素含量,提高叶片CTK含量,降低ABA含量,从而延缓叶片衰老。分析表明,烤烟叶片氮、钾含量与其叶绿素、CTK及CTK/ABA值呈极显著正相关关系,与ABA呈极显著负相关关系。因此,烤烟叶片内源激素的含量及其平衡关系与氮、钾营养关系密切,改变氮、钾肥料用量可以调控烤烟叶片的衰老速度。研究还表明,不论单独增施钾肥还是按比例同时增施氮、磷、钾肥,均可提高烟叶含钾量,尤其在烟叶发育前期效果更为突出,即使在钾素供应充足的情况下,成熟叶片中钾的转移能力依然很强。     

钙和ABA在番茄果实乙烯生物合成中的相互作用

研究了钙和ABA对不同成熟阶段和不同成熟模式番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum cv．Lichun)果实乙烯生成的影响，分析两者在乙烯生物合成系统中的相互作用。普通番茄绿熟果实组织圆片在用100μmol／L ABA和100mmol/L钙处理后，乙烯生成均很快增加。当用这两种试剂同时处理番茄果实圆片时，乙烯生成增加量明显比单一处理增加量大，表明两者在对绿熟番茄果实乙烯生成的影响中有协同作用关系。钙离子鳌合剂EGTA(乙二醇双乙胺醚-N，N’-四乙酸)对乙烯生成有抑制作用，用ABA和EGTA同时处理番茄圆片时，乙烯的生成量比EGTA单一处理的生成量要高。当用这些试剂处理未成熟番茄果实则产生不同的效果，ABA明显抑制乙烯生成，而钙却依然促进乙烯的生物合成，ABA和钙同时处理果实时，乙烯生成量介于二者单一处理之间，表明ABA和钙在未成熟番茄果实乙烯生成中表现出相互抑制作用。在转反义ACS番茄中，ABA和钙抑制未成熟果实的乙烯生成，而都促进了绿熟果实的乙烯生成。这表明ABA和钙在番茄果实不同成熟阶段和不同成熟模式的乙烯生物合成过程中有着不同的相互作用关系。     

植物根围促生细菌菌剂增强玉米干旱耐受性研究

选用植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)菌剂BBS处理玉米幼苗,研究干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片相关生理特性及基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫15 d后,BBS处理组玉米幼苗的萎蔫程度显著低于对照组;处理组植株叶片MDA含量仅为对照组的74.35%,叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别是对照组的3.39倍和1.07倍;处理组植株叶片ZmP5CS1的表达水平及SOD活性均显著高于对照组;BBS处理组植株叶片在干旱胁迫过程中一直保持较低的H_2O_2含量。研究得出,BBS处理能够有效减缓干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的伤害,进而加速正常浇水后的恢复。处理组植株叶片NCED1和ZmDREB2.7的高水平表达也表明干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗与BBS的互作过程可能有依赖ABA信号途径及不依赖ABA信号途径的共同参与。     

ABA 和乙烯对荔枝果实成熟和着色的调控

 荔枝果实幼果期ABA 含量很高, 之后下降, 在转红前1 周急剧上升, 形成一个峰值。果皮、果肉乙烯释放量的变化与ABA 相似, 但其跃变发生在ABA 之后, 且跃变较小。伴随着乙烯的跃变, 有一个糖代谢和转化酶活性的跃变。于转熟前用STS 处理荔枝果实, 导致果实转色和成熟延迟。果实发育后期, ABA 急剧增加可能诱导了乙烯的合成, 乙烯启动果实成熟, 果皮转红着色。     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

Changes of Plasma Membrane H~+-ATPase Activities of Glycine max Seeds by PEG Treatment

The soybean (Glycine max) Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H+-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H+-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H+-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

植物内源激素对小麦叶片衰老的调控机理研究

对小麦灌浆期不同叶位叶片的５大类激素含量测定结果表明,正在衰老叶片的乙烯和脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）含量明显增加,前期和中期的功能期叶片细胞分裂素（玉米素和玉米素核苷,Ｚ＋ＺＲ）和赤霉素（ＧＡ３）含量较高,生长素（ＩＡＡ）在功能期和后期衰老的叶片中含量较高。因此可以将这４种激素分为２大类,即乙烯和ＡＢＡ诱发和促进叶片衰老,另一类的Ｚ＋ＺＲ和ＧＡ３则维持叶片功能,抑制衰老。但ＩＡＡ表现了具有前期保持叶片生长发育和后期促进衰老的双重作用,在不同叶片中,春６叶（旗叶）则比较复杂。旗叶与睛相比表现了特殊性,这可能与其特殊的功能有关。     

ABA与水稻灌浆关系的研究进展

综述了近年来脱落酸在水稻灌浆上的研究进展，具体阐述了水稻灌浆过程中内源ABA含量变化，以及ABA调节水稻灌浆的作用规律、作用方式和作用机理，并讨论了目前该类研究中存在的问题。