银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

沙棘不落果原因探讨

沙棘果实成熟与衰老时均不脱落,甚至干缩在果枝上,为了研究沙棘不落果原因,寻求促进落果的有效方法,我们进行了下列实验。一、材料与方法 (一)外施乙烯与ABA于果实完熟前期(9月中下旬)剪取中国沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides L.Subsp.Sinesis)、西藏沙棘(H.thibetana Schlechtend)带叶果枝,将下端分别浸于装有500、1000ppm乙烯利,50、100ppm ABA与50、100ppm6-康基氨基腺     

地钱部分MYB家族基因在不同发育时期、部位以及激素处理下表达量差异分析

为了研究植物适应陆地生活的机制,以较原始的陆生植物地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L.)作为研究对象,分析其部分MYB(v-Myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog)家族基因在不同发育时期,不同部位以及不同激素处理下的表达量变化。构建系统进化树确认地钱与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中MYB转录因子亚家族S14、S28和 AtCDC5 同源的基因,使用qRT-PCR对不同生长时期、组织以及激素处理下目的基因表达量进行分析。qRT-PCR分析结果表明, MpR2R3-MYB20在胞芽中表达量最高,胞芽杯中最低,且在0.1μmol/L IAA诱导下表达量显著上调; MpR2R3-MYB8在分生区高表达,激素处理下表达量变化较小;MpR2R3-MYB3和 MpCDC5在3周分生区高表达,IAA处理后下调; MpR2R3-MYB18主要在胞芽和胞芽杯中表达,且受ABA诱导大幅上调; MpR2R3-MYB16在全株中都有较高表达,在0.1μmol/L IAA处理下显著上调,在其他激素处理下显著下调。这些结果说明上述基因在地钱不同器官或组织中具有调节生长、发育和抗逆的重要功能。     

草莓ABA 的快速提取方法及超高效液相色谱分析

 采用甲醇︰乙酸乙酯︰甲酸 = 50︰50︰1 的混合液作为提取溶剂,可快速从草莓中提取ABA, 整个提取过程可在0.5 h 内完成,大大提高了ABA 提取效率。建立了一套适合ABA 分析的超高效液相色 谱分析体系,其流动相为甲醇︰乙腈︰0.1%甲酸 ＝ 20︰10︰70,流速0.3 mL · min-1,检测波长265 nm, 柱温30 ℃,进样10 μL。利用建立的快速提取法及超高效液相色谱分析方法,测定了不同发育阶段草莓 果实（青果、白果、粉红果和红果）的ABA 含量,发现其呈上升趋势,至红果期ABA 含量达到最高。     

水分胁迫下脱落酸的产生、作用机制及应用研究进展

利用现有文献，简要介绍了脱落酸的产生、对植物地上和地下部分的影响，脱落酸（ABA）作用的部分作用机制以及脱落酸理论研究应用的各方面进展。     

冰核活性细菌(INA bacteria)对杏花器官ABA、IAA和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响

试验以2个杏品种花器官为试材,研究低温及INA细菌处理下,花瓣、雄蕊及雌蕊ABA、IAA、可溶性蛋白质含量变化。结果表明:随温度下降,未接菌杏花器官内ABA和可溶性蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,-5℃是花器官的受害温度。接种INA细菌后,ABA、可溶性蛋白质含量下降,杏花器官在-3~-4℃受到伤害。接种INA细菌与对照花器官间ABA与可溶性蛋白质含量差异达显著或极显著水平。在低温及INA细菌影响下,IAA在杏花器官间无规律变化。     

Chromosomes responsible for sensitivity of embryo to abscisic acid and dormancy in wheat

The sensitivity of the embryo to abscisic acid (ABA) has been reported toplay an important role in seed dormancy. Using ditelocentric lines of wheatcv. Chinese Spring (CS, nondormant and ABA insensitive), F₂ seedsbetween monosomic lines of CS and a wheat line Kitakei-1354 (dormant,ABA sensitive) and deletion lines of CS chromosome 4A, germinability ofseeds and embryo-half seeds incubated in water and ABA were examined. The results indicated that the long arm of chromosome 4A carried majorgene(s) for the embryo sensitivity to ABA and dormancy. Chromosome2D might be also involved in the sensitivity to ABA.     

The effects of cis-trans ABA on embryo germination and seed dormancy in wheat

Pre-harvest sprouting of wheat grain can cause economic losses especially in cultivars with low levels of seed dormancy. The aim of this study was to determine genotype differences in embryo sensitivity to germination in response to exogenous (+/–) cis-trans ABA treatments at different concentrations. Six white and four red seed-colored bread wheat genotypes that differed in dormancy were grown in a field near Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 2000 as a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The seed samples from this experiment were germinated in a controlled environment at 20 °C without light. The exogenous ABA treatments were 0 μM – whole seed (control), 0 μM-embryos, 25 μM – embryos and 50 μM – embryos. The ABA experiment was a factorial design with four randomized complete blocks with four ABA treatments in all combinations with the ten genotypes. A weighted (by day) germination index (WGI) was calculated for each genotype in each ABA treatment. Genotypes differed in response to ABA. The genotypes, ABA concentration and genotype by ABA concentration interaction effects were significant (p ≤ 0.05). Excised embryos showed significantly decreased dormancy in most of the experimental genotypes. The addition of exogenous ABA enhanced embryo dormancy of most genotypes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

油木奈 果实生长发育机制初步研究

（福建农林大学园艺学院，福州 350002）