弗吉尼亚霉素促进肉鸡生长的研究

本试验应用5mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅰ)、10mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅱ)和20mg·kg~(-1)(Ⅲ)3个剂量的弗吉尼亚霉素,并设20mg·kg~(-1)杆菌肽锌(Ⅳ)组和空白对照(Ⅴ)组,对900只 AA 肉鸡进行对比饲养试验。在整个试验期间,与空白对照组比较,试验Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组肉鸡的增重分别提高了2.23%,5.42%,5.15%和2.52%;饲料/增重分别降低了1.30%,4.35%,4.35%和1.30%;肉鸡的死亡率分别下降了0%,2.22%,1.67%和0.55%;经济效益分别提高了3.39%,11.445,9.11%和3.81%。并且试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡的增重、饲料转化率和经济效益均明显(P<0.05)高于试验Ⅳ组。试验各组的屠宰指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。从上所述,肉鸡饲料中添加弗吉尼亚霉素或杆菌肽锌均能降低肉鸡死亡率,提高肉鸡增重、饲料转化率和经济效益,其中10mg·kg~(-1)和20mg·kg~(-1)弗吉尼亚霉素组的效果优于其它各组。建议在肉鸡生产中使用弗吉尼亚霉素的推荐剂量为10～20mg·kg~(-1)。     

饮水高钠致肉鸡急性和慢性肺动脉高压综合征

为了探讨肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征 (PHS)的发病机制 ,将 2 4 0羽 1日龄健康AA肉鸡随机均分为对照组 (C)、试验Ⅰ组 (T1)和试验Ⅱ组 (T2 )。从 8日龄起实验组在饮水中添加Na+ ,使水中Na+ 含量分别达 6 0 0和 12 0 0mg·L-1,动态观察和检测各组肉鸡临床表现、PHS发病率、右心与全心重量比 (RV/TV)、红细胞压积 (PCV)、红细胞滤过指数 (FI)和血容量 (BV) ,对各组患病鸡与对照鸡的肺小动脉结构变化进行动态检测和比较分析。结果显示 ,饮水高钠成功诱发了肉鸡PHS ,并显著提高了肉鸡PHS发病率、RV/TV和PCV (P <0 0 5 )。在 2 8日龄以前 ,试验组患病鸡的FI和BV显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而血管肌化百分率 (%MA和 %WTPV)、管壁面积与管总面积之比 (WA/TA)、平均中膜厚度 (mMTPA)和血管非肌化百分率 (%NMA)无显著差异。 35和 4 2日龄时 ,试验组患病鸡肺血管 %MA、%WTPV、WA/TA和mMTPA显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,%NMA则显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但FI和BV无变化。从而揭示了饮水高钠使 14～ 2 1日龄的PHS患鸡出现了以肺动脉血流量增加和肺血管阻力升高的血液流变力学变化为主要特征的急性肺动脉高压综合征。使 35～ 4 2日龄的PHS患鸡出现了以肺小动脉肌型化和管壁增生肥厚的血管重构为主要特征的慢性肺动脉高压综合征。     

中国假霜霉属分类的研究

本文报告对我国5种假霜霉的研究结果,其中荨麻假霜霉(Pseudoperonosporaurticae)是在中国的首次记录。标本保存于四川雅安四川农业大学。     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

鸡胸腺微循环的初步研究

试验共选用(110±5)日龄健康湛江鸡10只,采用微循环观察仪对胸腺进行活体观察,通过做血管透明标本和组织切片的方法观察微血管总体走向、血管细微结构等.结果表明：胸腺的主要血液供应来自于迷走动脉,该动脉起自颈总动脉干的细小分支,其主干延伸至颈部内脏和颈中段的被皮,沿途再分支进入胸腺.该分支进入胸腺后,在接近腺体的中央部位发散形成血管树,经过实质形成毛细血管网.这些毛细血管垂直朝向胸腺表面,或加入浅表的毛细血管丛,或伴随这些毛细血管丛一段距离后返回髓质,形成毛细血管袢.微动脉分支组成不规则的毛细血管网,汇聚成毛细血管后微静脉加入到皮髓交界处的静脉中,汇入腺体表面的血管,进而在胸腺附近构成静脉树,汇集入胸腺静脉最后注入到颈浅静脉.     

A comparison between X‐ray fluorescence and dissolution methods employing lithium metaborate fusion for elemental analysis of soil clays

Abstract

A method employing fusion of soil clay samples with lithium metaborate (1:5 ratio) in a furnace at 1050°C for 1 hr. subsequent dissolution of the fused sample in 4% HNO₃. and elemental analysis for Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, and Ti by atomic absorption spectrometry was compared with the X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) fused disc technique for analysis. Duplicated analyses were performed on 15 clay samples from soils of the southern U.S and three API reference samples. The mean total percent recovery by this method was excellent (100.14 ± 2.85). Elemental oxide quantities in terms of SiO₂. Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO and K₂O determined by atomic absorption/flame emission (AA/FE) spectroscopy were in good agreement with values measured by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) on the same subsamples (r = 0.89^* to 0.98^**). but somewhat more variable on subsamples seperated from different pretreatments (r = 0.70^* to 0.97^** ). The method, which has also been tested on 36 additional clay samples from a variety of Kentucky soils with total percent recoveries ranging from 96.5 ‐ 103.5%. demonstrated no bias due to mineralogy with respect to mixed, montmorillonitic. and siliceous classes. This technique presents numerous advantages over other elemental analysis techniques utilizing fusion, dissolution, or XRF spectroscopy with respect to time, effort and cost. With the introduction of inductively‐coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. efficiency can be additionally improved.     

不同阶段饲养法对肉鸡生产性能的影响

为研究阶段饲养法对肉鸡生产性能的影响，试验选择1日龄罗斯308肉鸡135只，随机分为3组，每组3个重复，每个重复15只。Ⅰ～Ⅲ组分别采用两阶段、三阶段、六阶段饲养法。饲养42 d，测定各生产性能指标。结果表明：试验全期，Ⅱ组日增重较Ⅰ组显著提高（P＜0.05），料重比显著降低（P＜0.05）。由此可见，三阶段饲养法效果最好。     

不同寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群和免疫器官指数的影响

为研究含糖量相同(0.015%)的不同种类寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群和免疫机能的影响,本试验选用150只健康的1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公母各半),随机分为5个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组为分别在基础日粮添加果寡糖组(FOS)、甘露寡糖组(MOS)、低聚异麦芽糖组(GOS)、低聚木糖组(XOS),试验期为42d。试验结果表明:42日龄时,低聚木糖组对肠道菌群的改善效果最好;寡糖极显著提高了胸腺指数(P<0.01),且低聚木糖组极显著提高了法氏囊指数(P<0.01)。     

锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清和肝脏抗氧化效应的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公、母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为30、60mg/kg,维生素A的添加浓度为1500、3000、6000IU/kg。测定了肉仔鸡血清、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、铜锌超氧化物歧化(酶CuZn-SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、维生素A同时添加,三者在肉仔鸡血清、肝脏抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。结果表明:锌、铁与维生素A三者互作对提高肉仔鸡血清CuZn-SOD活性影响极显(著P<0.01),对提高肉仔鸡肝脏GSH-Px活性和降低MDA含量影响极显(著P<0.01)。这说明锌、铁、维生素A三者之间在肉仔鸡抗氧化方面存在协同效应。     

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。