滨藜灌木在优质羊肉形成过程中的作用

主要分析由耐盐植物滨藜灌木加工而成的饲料对羊肉品质的影响。滨藜可以提高胴体中瘦肉的比例．同时可增加肌肉中VE的含量．保持肉色稳定。概述了滨藜在羊肉生产中的最佳利用方式,通过综合考虑放牧条件和动物消化能力两方面因素,改变肉质组成和提高VE含量。滨藜的利用难点是能量值较低、增重效果差,单独饲喂满足不了肉羊生产需要,所以必须在饲料中补充高能牧草或精料。强调了耐盐滨藜灌木在羊肉生产中的作用,由于山羊具有采食滨藜灌木枝芽的特性,所以其增重较明显．同时又可提高瘦肉率和VE含量。     

病原菌诱导后黄瓜叶片中脂氧合酶活性与茉莉酸积累的关系

通过酶活性测定和高效液相色谱分析,研究经病原菌诱导后黄瓜叶片中脂氧合酶(LOX)活性与茉莉酸(JA)积累量的关系。结果表明,黄瓜经褐斑菌诱导后,叶片中茉莉酸(JA)大量积累,同时脂氧合酶(LOX)活性上升,接种叶片的上位叶中LOX活性和JA含量于诱导接种褐斑菌12h后开始升高,并于诱导接种24h后达到峰值,接种叶片的下位叶中LOX活性和JA含量在诱导接种12h后变化不大,但在24h后显著升高,并于48h达到峰值,此后逐渐平稳下降。相关分析表明,LOX与JA呈显著正相关,相关系数r为0.92。同时通过喷施脂氧合酶抑制剂(NDGA)和添加茉莉酸的试验证实LOX是JA合成的关键酶。     

应用可拓学原理评价黄瓜根分泌物的化感潜势

 对黄瓜组培根分泌物的化感潜势进行可拓评价, 得出黄瓜组培根分泌物对菜豆幼苗生长有显著促进作用, 而对其它3种作物有明显的毒害作用, 毒害程度为黄瓜>甜瓜>番茄。同时, 建立了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应的数学模型R_E = [ k₁R_p0 / ( k₂ - k₁ ) ] ( e^{- k1t} - e^{- k2t} ) ( e- ^k1a - e^{- k2a} ) , 说明了黄瓜组培根分泌液的化感效应与组培根培养时间( t) 以及根分泌液浓度( a) 显著相关。黄瓜根分泌物对4种受体作物显示出显著的化学干扰差异, 论证了植物种内(间) 发生的干扰作用与植物的品种(系) 有关, 从理论上得出菜豆可以作为黄瓜的间套作物或下茬作物。     

Insecticidal potency of novel compounds on multiple insect species of medical and veterinary importance

BACKGROUND: Vector‐borne diseases continue to present significant threats to human, animal and plant health. Mosquitoes, houseflies, sand flies and stable flies are well‐known vectors of several human and animal pathogens. The toxicity of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity was determined against these insect species with the aim of developing novel insecticides toxic to multiple insect species. RESULTS: Three semiochemicals, namely beta‐damascone, cyclemone A and melafleur, showed remarkable toxicity to three mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti L., Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, the housefly, Musca domestica L., the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., and the sand fly, Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar). The chemicals were equally toxic to several field‐collected permethrin‐tolerant housefly strains. When formulated as 500 mL L^?1 emulsifiable concentrates, the chemicals demonstrated stability and toxicity on filter paper and camouflage military fabrics, with persistence up to 8 days under laboratory conditions. The chemicals were equally effective under field conditions when evaluated on unpainted plywood panels, although a higher dosage was required under field conditions to achieve similar efficacy. CONCLUSION: Laboratory quantification of LC₅₀ values and field efficacy of three semiochemicals as formulated compounds on mosquitoes, houseflies, stable flies and sand flies showed that these semiochemicals could serve as potent insecticides for multiple insect species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

维生素A、E对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

将 2 8只繁殖獭兔随机均分 2组 ,基础日粮相同 ,但试验组在配种前 3天妊娠第 7天于日粮中添加VA8mg/kg、VE10 0mg/kg。结果与对照组相比 :试验组产活仔数提高了 2 0 2 3 %(P <0 0 5 ) ,育成率提高了 6 5 8%(P <0 0 5 ) ,增重速度提高 7 11%(P <0 0 5 )。     

嫩绿粘虫板对水稻稻飞虱成虫诱集监测效果

本文采用嫩绿粘虫板和灯光诱集2种方法对水稻稻飞虱成虫进行同地对比诱集监测。结果表明, 嫩绿粘虫板对3种飞虱总体、白背飞虱和褐飞虱诱集量与测报灯之间无显著差异, 其诱虫趋势与测报灯诱虫趋势基本同步或趋于一致。嫩绿粘虫板对水稻生长前中期白背飞虱迁入峰的监测优于测报灯, 表现为迁入高峰期诱虫量多和峰形明显。嫩绿粘虫板对灰飞虱诱虫量与测报灯诱虫量有明显差异, 诱虫峰次少于测报灯, 监测效果次于测报灯。气象因子、非靶标昆虫等对嫩绿粘虫板诱测无不利影响。运用嫩绿粘虫板可在非灯诱区监测点监测迁飞性白背飞虱。     

乙酸钠对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性的影响及机制分析

通过向油酸诱导的大鼠肝成纤维细胞(BRL-3A)脂肪变性模型中添加不同浓度(2、4、8 mmol·L^-1)的乙酸钠,探讨其对脂肪变性细胞模型脂代谢的调控机理及细胞损伤的修复作用。试验方法：1)用不同浓度的油酸(0、0.03、0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48) mmol·L^-1刺激BRL-3A细胞24 h后,分别检测细胞相对活力、总脂滴面积、三酰甘油(TG)含量、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,建立脂肪变性细胞模型;2)向BRL-3A细胞中添加不同浓度的乙酸钠,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;3)用不同浓度的乙酸钠和0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸共同孵育BRL-3A细胞,试验分为4组,分别为油酸处理组、2 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组、4 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组和8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组,分别对细胞脂滴、TG含量、AST、ALT活性、AMPK信号通路蛋白以及脂代谢关键基因进行检测。结果显示:1)用0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸处理BRL-3A细胞24 h,成功建立BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型。2)不同浓度的乙酸钠对BRL-3A细胞凋亡率没有影响;3)4、8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠处理脂肪变性细胞模型后,与油酸处理组相比,细胞总脂滴面积、每平方毫米脂滴数、TG含量、AST和ALT活性均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)下降,P-AMPK表达水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上升;脂合成代谢相关基因ACC、FAS以及SCD-1 mRNA表达水平均有一定程度下降;脂分解代谢相关基因CPT-1、CPT-2以及ACO mRNA表达水平均有一定程度上升。本研究表明,乙酸钠会通过AMPK通路激活脂分解代谢,减轻肝细胞脂质蓄积,并且对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型的损伤具有一定缓解作用。     

火生态因子对草原的效应及有计划用火的研究

火烧可以提高禾草类的生物量25—30%,可以快速地(当年)大幅度提高羊草种群的生物量达100%以上。火烧提高羊草的抽穗率,促进草群更新复壮。火烧可以有效地抑制针茅种群的增长,并改变群落中的种群分布格局,促进羊草种群形成均匀分布格局,扩大羊草种群在群落中的生态位。火烧对草原的总生产力不发生负效应,一次火烧的正效应可持续2—3年。基于以上的结果,我们认为锡林郭勒草原区中,东部含有羊草的草原群落,可在春季四月下旬进行火烧,将会取得良好的效果。     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

四氟醚唑对黄瓜的安全性及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

为明确四氟醚唑对黄瓜植株的安全性,采用浸种及茎叶喷雾处理的方法测定其对不同生长时期黄瓜植株的影响,采用子叶保湿培养法测定白粉病菌对其敏感性,并在田间进行防治白粉病的药效试验,综合评价了四氟醚唑对黄瓜白粉病的效果。浸种处理后,黄瓜子叶上白粉病发病率明显降低,对黄瓜株高和根长的抑制率、茎周增长率及叶绿素含量增加率与己唑醇相比均较低;发芽期及幼苗期的黄瓜植株使用四氟醚唑处理,新生节间均出现轻微的抑制伸长现象;4％四氟醚唑水乳剂对黄瓜白粉病菌的EC50为0．8146mg／L,敏感毒力高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂;田间间隔期10天喷雾,在末次药后7天对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果为76．02％～85．77％,与5％己唑醇水乳剂防效相当,明显高于50％醚菌酯水分散粒剂的防效。表明四氟醚唑对黄瓜生长安全且用药间隔期长,是防治白粉病的高效轮换药剂。