不同品种草坪型羊茅种子生产性能研究

经过3年的试验,对引自美国和加拿大的9种草坪型羊茅在引黄灌区的物候期、生长特性以及种子生产性能进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,所有参试品种在银川地区均可良好结实,但结实性能差异极大,Lowgrow,Arid高羊茅和Ruby及Boreal紫羊茅的种子产量最高。通过试验认为,在宁夏引黄灌区建立草坪型羊茅种子生产基地是完全可行。     

近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术分析奶粉品质的研究

奶粉中蛋白质和脂肪是影响奶粉营养品质的主要因素,利用近红外反射光谱分析技术对来自国内不同地区的奶粉共900份样品进行蛋白质和脂肪成分测定分析。研究了不同的样品数日、光谱预处理和散射校正技术对发展奶粉近红外测定定标模型的影响。结果表明．在样品数目为200—400范围内建立的定标分析模型较理想;数学预处理中以一阶导数较好,且以“1,4,4,1”的处理组合最为理想;光谱散射校正中采用“标准正态变量转换(SNV) 趋势变换法(De—trending)”的组合建立回归方程效果较好。利用改进最小二乘法回归技术(Modified PLS)建立多种定标模型,并进行交叉验证(cross—Validation)来分析各种因素对定标模型的影响。同时筛选出较理想的蛋白质和脂肪定标分析回归方程,其中蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关系数高速0．973和0．850。探讨了NIRS技术在建模应用中的一些影响因素,以及由NIRS技术建立奶粉分析模型用于快速分析和在线检测的可行性。     

The Use of Trypanocides and Antibiotics by Maasai Pastoralists

Information was collected on the use of veterinary drugs by Maasai pastoralists in an area of Kenya where tsetse flies and trypanosomosis occur. Three herds of cattle were followed for between 4 and 5 years and records were kept of every veterinary drug treatment given by the livestock owners. Almost all treatments were either with the trypanocides homidium or diminazene, or with oxytetracycline by intramuscular injection. The rate of trypanocide use varied between 0.66 and 1.56 treatments per animal per year, while oxytetracycline use was between 0.20 and 1.00 treatments per animal per year. Farmers were injecting these drugs in the absence of veterinary supervision, obtaining their supplies mainly from local village shops or informal traders. Underdosing with trypanocides appeared to be uncommon and the indications were that farmers generally gave the drugs at dosage rates above the recommended standard dose. Accurate information on the dose rates of oxytetracycline could not be obtained, but it was noted that in most cases farmers gave a single injection rather than a course of treatment. In a proportion of cases, trypanocides and antibiotics were mixed together before injection. The farmers administered the drugs when disease was recognized and were rarely using trypanocides as prophylactics. Although necessity forces the livestock owners to obtain and use these drugs without veterinary supervision, there are concerns with regard to the possibility of drug misuse and the development of drug resistance.     

The diagnosis and treatment of periorbital sarcoid in the horse: 445 cases from 1974 to 1999

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis and management of periorbital sarcoids in horses is a significant clinical challenge for the practicing veterinary surgeon and pathologist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of various types of sarcoids to different therapeutic methods. Animals studied Medical records of 445 clinical patients. Procedures This paper retrospectively examines the clinical and histological features of periorbital sarcoids and the treatment of 445 cases. Treatment by surgical excision, cryosurgery, Bacillus-Calmette-Gaérin (BCG) immunomodulation, topical cytotoxic applications, and radiation are described. RESULTS: Six types of sarcoid can be found in the immediate periorbital region and each has some characteristics of other disorders of the skin with which they can be confused. The diagnosis of sarcoids is, however, relatively simple in most cases. The lesions are not necessarily restricted to the dermis and epidermis, but commonly invade into the subcutis and the deeper muscular structures around the eye. Treatment with radiation is expensive and difficult to manage but resulted in the best outcome with almost 100% resolution in 66 cases. By contrast, surgical excision has serious potential complications that arise primarily as a result of the infiltrative nature of periorbital sarcoids. The value of BCG immunomodulation therapy for fibroblastic and nodular lesions described by previous workers is confirmed in this paper, with a good overall response (69%), provided that the material was injected intralesionally. Perilesional injection did not appear to carry a significant benefit. However, treatment of verrucose or occult lesions by this method gave generally poor results. The results of intralesional injection of cisplatin emulsions suggest that this may be an effective method of treatment in cases where other modalities are not feasible. In common with previous reports, failure to resolve the lesions frequently resulted in regrowth of the tumor, and in most cases this recurrence appeared to be more aggressive, with extensive local infiltration and faster growth. Conclusion The periorbital tissues are less tolerant of damage than those at many other sites and therefore certain treatment methods may be contraindicated. This suggests that it is important to select the best possible treatment at the first opportunity. It is a wise precaution to warn owners of horses with periorbital sarcoids of the dangers of leaving them and the particular risks associated with the currently available treatments.     

土壤种子库中棘豆属种子的密度、寿命和活力测定

在青海湖地区的不同样地上,对甘肃棘豆、宽苞棘豆和黄花棘豆3种棘豆土壤种子库的密度进行了测定,种子密度随着植被中种群分盖度的大小而变化幅度很大,每平方80～2 220粒;同时采用四脞法对土壤种子库中的棘豆种子进行种子活力测定,其中77%的种子具有活力;用尼龙袋法测定甘肃棘豆种子在土壤种子库中的寿命,5年后埋置在土壤环境中的甘肃棘豆种子有50%的还存在,其中5%的种子具有活力;暴露在土壤表面环境中的种子有33%的种子存在;5年期间,埋置的种子和暴露在土壤表面的种子每年分别约有5%和14%的种子在发芽。     

奶牛子宫扭转的诊治

奶牛子宫扭转诊治的关键是早期诊断,选择最佳的治疗方法和及时救助,最大限度地确保母子的生命安全和母畜的繁殖力。     

La(NO3)3对4个苜蓿品种种子活力与膜透性作用的比较

通过La3 离子对4个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种种子活力与膜透性作用的比较,结果表明:当用8种不同浓度La(NO3)3溶液处理4个苜蓿品种种子时,La3 浓度小于600μg/mL时,可促进种子的活力;其中,中苜1号和胜利者的活力指数变化稳定且较高,而草原1号在La3 浓度为600μg/mL时变化剧烈。中苜1号和胜利者可以较长时间忍耐La3 在750μg/mL的处理浓度,超过此剂量时,膜结构就受到了破坏;而阿尔冈金和草原1号在La3 浓度接近750μg/mL时,种子活力就已经开始下降了。     

多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子硬实特性与活力关系的研究

将多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子在恒温25℃下吸胀,每24 h取出吸胀种子,14 d后未吸胀的种子为硬实种子(H)。硬实种子切破种皮后吸胀24 h,与非硬实种子进行发芽试验和各项活力指标测定。结果显示,每日内吸胀的种子数量随时间推移以一定的比例下降,多花木蓝种子吸胀相对缓慢,第5天以后吸胀率降到1%以下,胡枝子种子第3天以后吸胀率就降到1%以下。2种牧草种子都显示出硬实种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数、脱氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酯酶活性均高于非硬实种子,而电导率值、浸出液可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量低于非硬实种子,这表明硬实种子的活力高于非硬实种子。而非硬实种子中,根据以上各活力指标判断,晚吸胀的种子比早吸胀的种子活力高。     

Hygienic and ecological risks connected with utilization of animal manures and biosolids in agriculture

In recent years the fate of human and animal pathogen microorganisms as a potential pollutant of the environment has been paid increased attention. Substantial quantities of these compounds and their metabolites are excreted, flushed down the drain, discarded as waste, or left over in animal feedlots. After passing to the sewer, several of these compounds are not adequately eliminated by the methods that are currently used in sewage treatment. Substantial quantities of biosolids and livestock manure end up on agricultural land. Effective sanitation of the environment, particularly of some of its special parts, which can be a source of spreading of diseases, plays an important role in prevention of infectious diseases. In this respect special attention should be paid to the disinfection of infected farm animal excrements. Sanitation of excrements should, on the one hand, ensure effective inhibition of infectious agents and, on the other hand, comply with the requirement of preserving the composition of the manure so it can be used in agricultural production.     

圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡血脂指标的影响

研究了圆叶决明种子粉对艾维茵（AA）肉鸡血脂指标的影响，并初步探讨了其机理。选取8周龄健康AA鸡240羽，采用单因子试验设计，随机分为2组，每组3次重复，每次重复40羽，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组日粮为基础日粮添加3g／羽圆叶决明种子粉（120目），试验期30天。观测圆叶决明种子粉对AA鸡生产性能、脂肪沉积指标、血脂指标、转氨酶活性的影响。结果表明：①在肉鸡生产性能方面，对照组和试验组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）；②圆叶决明种子粉具有显著降低脂肪沉积的作用；③圆叶决明种子粉能明显降低肉鸡血清总胆固醇（TCHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度酯蛋白含量（LDL—C）（P〈0．05），显著升高血清高密度酯蛋白（HDL—C）含量（P〈0．05）；④通过对肉鸡谷丙转氨酶（AST）、谷草转氨酶（ALT）活性的检测，表明饲喂圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡肝脏没有损伤作用。