我国西北地区牧草种子生产现状及存在问题浅析

调查了牧草种子生产现状及存在问题。结果表明：我国西北地区的栽培牧草包括豆科、禾本科、藜科、菊科、苋科、紫草科、十字花科、鸢尾科等９科３６属５３种。其中：豆科牧草１３属２１种；禾本科牧草１６属２５种；其它科牧草７属７种。该区栽培牧草总面积约为１５０万ｈｍ＾２，其中主要豆科牧草占７１％，主要禾本科牧草占１０．５％。主要豆科牧草为紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、草木樨、箭舌豌豆、红豆草、柠条和小冠花。主要禾本科牧草为     

天水毛白杨种源试验的研究

本文介绍了毛白杨８个种源、２２０个无性系，在甘肃天水地区开展的种源选择试验及优良无性系筛选结果。经过７年的研究，摸清了毛白杨的变异规律及模式，筛选出３个种源，３０个优良无性系，遗传增益达２２％～２８％，为造林区别提供了科学依据。试验证明无性系有种是一种投资少，见效快，经济效益高的良种选有方法，可降低成本５～６倍。     

几种种子处理方法对牧草种子带菌及发芽的影响

用百菌清、高锰酸钾、甲醛及开水烫种对牧草种子进行消毒处理。结果表明,用百菌清、高锰酸钾对紫花苜蓿、无芒雀麦、披碱草、羊茅等种子杀菌效果好;甲醛溶液效果较差;开水烫种对较大的豆科牧草种子杀菌效果较好,而对小粒豆科种子及禾本科牧草种子有较大伤害。     

施氮肥对高羊茅种子质量和产量组成的影响

2000-2001年在新疆塔里木农垦大学牧草试验站进行了施氮肥对交战高羊茅种子质量和产量组成影响的研究。结果表明,施氮可以明显提高种子的活力和质量,并增加了单位面积的生殖枝数和小花数／小穗;施氮肥提高了种子产量,其中以秋季60kg／hm^2 春季120kg／hm^2施氮量为最好,种子产量可达1653．9kg／hm^2。     

不同品种草坪型羊茅种子生产性能研究

经过3年的试验,对引自美国和加拿大的9种草坪型羊茅在引黄灌区的物候期、生长特性以及种子生产性能进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,所有参试品种在银川地区均可良好结实,但结实性能差异极大,Lowgrow,Arid高羊茅和Ruby及Boreal紫羊茅的种子产量最高。通过试验认为,在宁夏引黄灌区建立草坪型羊茅种子生产基地是完全可行。     

近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术分析奶粉品质的研究

奶粉中蛋白质和脂肪是影响奶粉营养品质的主要因素,利用近红外反射光谱分析技术对来自国内不同地区的奶粉共900份样品进行蛋白质和脂肪成分测定分析。研究了不同的样品数日、光谱预处理和散射校正技术对发展奶粉近红外测定定标模型的影响。结果表明．在样品数目为200—400范围内建立的定标分析模型较理想;数学预处理中以一阶导数较好,且以“1,4,4,1”的处理组合最为理想;光谱散射校正中采用“标准正态变量转换(SNV) 趋势变换法(De—trending)”的组合建立回归方程效果较好。利用改进最小二乘法回归技术(Modified PLS)建立多种定标模型,并进行交叉验证(cross—Validation)来分析各种因素对定标模型的影响。同时筛选出较理想的蛋白质和脂肪定标分析回归方程,其中蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关系数高速0．973和0．850。探讨了NIRS技术在建模应用中的一些影响因素,以及由NIRS技术建立奶粉分析模型用于快速分析和在线检测的可行性。     

The Use of Trypanocides and Antibiotics by Maasai Pastoralists

Information was collected on the use of veterinary drugs by Maasai pastoralists in an area of Kenya where tsetse flies and trypanosomosis occur. Three herds of cattle were followed for between 4 and 5 years and records were kept of every veterinary drug treatment given by the livestock owners. Almost all treatments were either with the trypanocides homidium or diminazene, or with oxytetracycline by intramuscular injection. The rate of trypanocide use varied between 0.66 and 1.56 treatments per animal per year, while oxytetracycline use was between 0.20 and 1.00 treatments per animal per year. Farmers were injecting these drugs in the absence of veterinary supervision, obtaining their supplies mainly from local village shops or informal traders. Underdosing with trypanocides appeared to be uncommon and the indications were that farmers generally gave the drugs at dosage rates above the recommended standard dose. Accurate information on the dose rates of oxytetracycline could not be obtained, but it was noted that in most cases farmers gave a single injection rather than a course of treatment. In a proportion of cases, trypanocides and antibiotics were mixed together before injection. The farmers administered the drugs when disease was recognized and were rarely using trypanocides as prophylactics. Although necessity forces the livestock owners to obtain and use these drugs without veterinary supervision, there are concerns with regard to the possibility of drug misuse and the development of drug resistance.     

The diagnosis and treatment of periorbital sarcoid in the horse: 445 cases from 1974 to 1999

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis and management of periorbital sarcoids in horses is a significant clinical challenge for the practicing veterinary surgeon and pathologist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of various types of sarcoids to different therapeutic methods. Animals studied Medical records of 445 clinical patients. Procedures This paper retrospectively examines the clinical and histological features of periorbital sarcoids and the treatment of 445 cases. Treatment by surgical excision, cryosurgery, Bacillus-Calmette-Gaérin (BCG) immunomodulation, topical cytotoxic applications, and radiation are described. RESULTS: Six types of sarcoid can be found in the immediate periorbital region and each has some characteristics of other disorders of the skin with which they can be confused. The diagnosis of sarcoids is, however, relatively simple in most cases. The lesions are not necessarily restricted to the dermis and epidermis, but commonly invade into the subcutis and the deeper muscular structures around the eye. Treatment with radiation is expensive and difficult to manage but resulted in the best outcome with almost 100% resolution in 66 cases. By contrast, surgical excision has serious potential complications that arise primarily as a result of the infiltrative nature of periorbital sarcoids. The value of BCG immunomodulation therapy for fibroblastic and nodular lesions described by previous workers is confirmed in this paper, with a good overall response (69%), provided that the material was injected intralesionally. Perilesional injection did not appear to carry a significant benefit. However, treatment of verrucose or occult lesions by this method gave generally poor results. The results of intralesional injection of cisplatin emulsions suggest that this may be an effective method of treatment in cases where other modalities are not feasible. In common with previous reports, failure to resolve the lesions frequently resulted in regrowth of the tumor, and in most cases this recurrence appeared to be more aggressive, with extensive local infiltration and faster growth. Conclusion The periorbital tissues are less tolerant of damage than those at many other sites and therefore certain treatment methods may be contraindicated. This suggests that it is important to select the best possible treatment at the first opportunity. It is a wise precaution to warn owners of horses with periorbital sarcoids of the dangers of leaving them and the particular risks associated with the currently available treatments.     

土壤种子库中棘豆属种子的密度、寿命和活力测定

在青海湖地区的不同样地上,对甘肃棘豆、宽苞棘豆和黄花棘豆3种棘豆土壤种子库的密度进行了测定,种子密度随着植被中种群分盖度的大小而变化幅度很大,每平方80～2 220粒;同时采用四脞法对土壤种子库中的棘豆种子进行种子活力测定,其中77%的种子具有活力;用尼龙袋法测定甘肃棘豆种子在土壤种子库中的寿命,5年后埋置在土壤环境中的甘肃棘豆种子有50%的还存在,其中5%的种子具有活力;暴露在土壤表面环境中的种子有33%的种子存在;5年期间,埋置的种子和暴露在土壤表面的种子每年分别约有5%和14%的种子在发芽。     

奶牛子宫扭转的诊治

奶牛子宫扭转诊治的关键是早期诊断,选择最佳的治疗方法和及时救助,最大限度地确保母子的生命安全和母畜的繁殖力。