鱼类及其他脊椎动物神经递质含量的比较研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定了变温动物(鱼、蛙、鳖)和恒温动物(鸡、狗、牛)脑和脊髓中多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的含量。结果表明:(1)变温动物和恒温动物脑和脊髓中DA和5-HT含量存在较大差异。变温动物脑和脊髓中DA含量分别为(0.228±0.014)μg/g和(0.155±0.003)μg/g,5-HT含量分别为(0.465±0.139)μg/g和(0.104±0.004)μg/g;恒温动物脑和脊髓中DA含量分别为(0.258±0.015)μg/g和(0.236±0.018)μg/g;脑和脊髓中5-HT为(1.020±0.166)μg/g和(0.712±0.344)μg/g。(2)湖泊与池塘的鲢脑中DA含量分别为(0.197±0.018)μg/g和(0.073±0.012)μg/g,血液中肾上腺素(Ad)含量分别为(0.065±0.013)μg/g和(0.025±0.007)μg/g。这说明DA和Ad在鱼类环境应激中有重要作用。(3)从鱼类经鸟类到哺乳类纵向比较,其神经递质的含量是不同的。以进化论和全息论的观点来看,其中可能蕴藏着生物医药潜力。     

甘蓝型油菜BnNAC61基因的克隆及表达特征分析

NAC(即NAM、ATAF和CUC)转录因子参与植物生长、发育、衰老和多种逆境胁迫反应的调控.为阐释甘蓝型油菜BnNAC61的表达特征,本研究采用RT-PCR方法,从甘蓝型油菜总cDNA中克隆BnNAC61基因.生物信息学分析表明,其CDS全长846 bp,编码281个氨基酸,N端含有NAM保守结构域;其启动子区存在W...     

Alterations in normal canine platelets during storage in EDTA anticoagulated blood

Abstract: Flow cytometric detection of platelet surface-associated IgG (PSAIgG) can be used to determine whether immunologic factors are contributing to thrombocytopenia in dogs. In vitro alterations in platelet activation and morphology, however, could impact the results of this test. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the PSAIgG test for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was valid on whole blood in EDTA anticoagulant after 24–72 hours of storage, and to characterize other alterations in canine platelets that could impact immunologic testing. Platelets were harvested and analyzed immediately after blood collection and after 24, 48, and 72 hours of storage at 4°C. Spontaneous and thrombin-induced changes in the following platelet parameters were evaluated using flow cytometric techniques: PSAIgG, platelet microparticle formation, membrane expression of P-selectin and glycoprotein CD61, exogenous IgG binding, surface-exposed phosphatidylserine, and fibrinogen binding. The amount of PSAIgG increased 6-to 9-fold in stored samples compared with fresh samples. Platelet microparticle formation was spontaneous in stored samples and increased significantly over time. Membrane phosphatidylserine, P-selectin, and fibrinogen binding were not altered by storage, indicating that platelet activation was minimal in stored samples. Although storage decreased the percentage of platelets positive for CD61 by 8-to 10-fold compared with fresh samples, activation by high-dose thrombin partially restored the percentage of CD61-positive platelets in 24-hour-old samples. In conclusion, even though platelets stored in EDTA for up to 72 hours remain in a resting state, aged platelets have an increased tendency to form microparticles and have increased surface IgG and decreased surface CD61, which may contribute to false-positive results for tests of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.     

避雨栽培对桃果实挥发性物质形成的影响

避雨栽培在园艺植物生产中得到了越来越多的应用,而有关该技术对果实挥发性物质形成的影响并不清楚。研究以中国水蜜桃品种‘玉露’为试材开展避雨栽培,以露地栽培作为对照,不同成熟阶段分别取样直至商业采收。实时数据监测显示覆膜的避雨栽培并不显著改变果园空气温度、相对湿度和土壤温度等微环境,但显著降低了土壤相对湿度并减弱了光照。采用顶空固相微萃取（HS–SPME）结合气相色谱质谱联用（GC–MS）方法在桃果实中鉴别出包括碳六化合物、醛类、醇类、酯类、内酯类、萜烯类、萜烯类衍生物和苯环化合物等11大类挥发性物质。利用偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS–DA）构建的模型可以明显区分避雨栽培和露地栽培的桃果实的挥发性物质,与电子鼻技术检测的结果相似。根据变量投影重要性指标（VIP）鉴别出了不同栽培模式下浓度具有显著差异的18种挥发性物质,整体趋势表现为避雨栽培果实产生了较高浓度的顺–3–己烯醇、反–2–己烯醇等“青香型”物质,而顺–3–乙酸己烯酯、γ–十一内酯和δ–癸内酯等“果香型”物质含量较低。     

Determination of optimal harvest boundaries for ‘Ambrosia’ apple fruit using a delta-absorbance meter

In this study, a new chlorophyll measurement tool, the delta absorbance (DA) meter, was used to develop an optimal harvest maturity model for ‘Ambrosia’ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit. Fruit from four commercial orchards in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, were sampled (25 fruit from three or four trees per location) over nine consecutive weekly harvests during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, and 8 weeks in the 2013 season. At each harvest, five fruit from each orchard site had their index of absorbance difference (I_AD) values, firmness, mass, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), red skin colouration and internal core ethylene concentrations measured. Following approx. 3 months of storage at 3.5°C, 20 fruit from each site were removed and assessed for the incidence of disorders such as senescent breakdown, cortical browning and coreflush. Chlorophyll concentrations in the epidermis were strongly and positively related to I_AD values in the same tissue (P ≤ 0.001), confirming the assumption that chlorophyll was the basis for the DA meter I_AD signal. In addition, I_AD values declined significantly during fruit maturity and were negatively related to harvest week (P ≤ 0.001). The optimum harvest period was identified by aligning all ‘at harvest’ I_AD values, fruit quality measurements, and ‘post-storage’ disorder data with the corresponding harvest week. I_AD values associated with harvests having the highest commercial fruit quality then delineated the optimal harvest boundaries. The upper boundary I_AD value of 0.47 was defined as ‘when to begin harvest’, while the lower boundary I_AD value of 0.28 was considered to be ‘when to end harvest’ for long-term storage. The use of a DA meter and its I_AD value to define the optimal harvest boundaries may be applicable to all commercial apple cultivars, but should be developed for each cultivar and growing region.     

Hydrolysable tannins depress cardiac papillary muscle contraction and propranolol-induced negative inotropism

We studied effects of hydrolysable tannins on rat papillary muscle contractions induced by propranolol. The developed force of papillary muscle was measured isometrically with an inductive force transducer. The IC₅₀ values for digallic acid, gallic acid, germin D, praecoxin A and 1-desgalloyl rugosin F were 4.2 × 10^− 5 M, 1.3 × 10^− 4 M, 1,4 × 10^− 4 M, 1.5 × 10^− 4 and 1.7 × 10^− 4 M, respectively. Incubation with tannins significantly attenuated the propranolol-induced negative inotropic contractile response. These results show that hydrolysable tannins depress muscle contractions and potentiate the activities of β-adrenergic blocker.     

多壁碳纳米管-十二烷基磺酸钠化学修饰电极在高浓度抗坏血酸体系中选择性测定多巴胺

研究了多巴胺(DA)在多壁碳纳米管-十二烷基磺酸钠(MWNTs-SDS)化学修饰电极上的伏安行为和在高浓度抗坏血酸(AA)体系中对多巴胺的选择性.将多壁碳纳米管-十二烷基磺酸钠(MWNTs-SDS)分散液滴加到处理过的电极表面制备生物传感器,以循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究多巴胺在MWNTs-SDS修饰电极上的电化学行为及其选择性.MWNTs-SDS修饰电极对多巴胺有显著的催化作用,在pH为6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,氧化峰电流值与多巴胺的浓度在4.0×10-7～3.8×10-5 mol/L和9.8×10-5～7.3×10-4 mol/L成线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-7 mol/L,MWNTs-SDS修饰电极具有响应快、灵敏度高、稳定性好、线性范围宽的性能,能在高浓度抗坏血酸体系中选择性测定多巴胺.     

小麦面粉蛋白质含量测定方法的比较

小麦蛋白质含量是最重要的品质指标之一,为了研究小麦面粉蛋白质含量的快速测定方法,试验从全国各地小麦品种及美国引进品种中选择60个子粒蛋白质差异较大的品种(系)为材料,分别用经典的凯氏定氮,DA7200和8620近红外光谱仪3种方法测定面粉蛋白质含量,比较了3种蛋白质含量测定方法的相关性大小,得出可以用8620、DA7200近红外光谱仪对育种材料进行早期测定.为选择选育不同用途的小麦品种确定了一种快速而准确的面粉蛋白质含量测定方法.     

甾类化合物降解菌D61的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从杂草土壤中分离得到利用甾类化合物作为唯一碳源的菌株D61.经16S r DNA多态性分析鉴定菌株D61为肠杆菌科哈夫尼菌属,在20~37℃、p H 2.0~9.0的环境中生长较好,无卡那霉素抗性.降解试验和荧光定量PCR试验结果表明,菌株D61可通过paa C基因的环氧化作用途径对甾类化合物进行降解转化,其对睾丸酮的降解能力与阳性对照菌睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌相似,对雌酮的降解能力明显优于睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌.     

基于US区缺失位点猪伪狂犬病病毒疫苗株与野毒株鉴别诊断方法的建立

依据GenBank中公布的猪伪狂犬病病毒全基因组序列,针对gI、gE、28K、TK四个基因序列,设计、合成了5条引物,并对野毒株SA株、gI-/gE-/PRVSA双基因缺失株和Bartha K61疫苗株进行了扩增,得到2061bp、1323bp、801bp和963bp特异性目的条带,其中BarthaK61疫苗株基因组检测最小浓度为136pg/μL。建立了针对野毒株和两种疫苗株的鉴别诊断方法。