Effects of diosmin on changes of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues of rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion

AIM: To observe the effects of diosmin on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues of rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (180 in total) were randomly divided into 3 groups including sham operation group (sham),I/R group and diosmin+I/R group (diosmin+I/R). At the end of the experiment, the blood and kidney tissues were obtained and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and kidney tissues in I/R group and diosmin+I/R group were significantly higher than those in sham group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Following the development of the pathologic process, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased in I/R group and diosmin+I/R groups, but the level of IL-10 was significantly decreased in I/R group and significantly increased in diosmin+I/R group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in I/R group was significantly higher than those in diosmin+I/R group (except TNF-α at 1 h in diosmin+I/R group). The level of IL-10 in diosmin+I/R group was significantly higher than that in I/R group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diosmin not only decreases the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, but also promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, suggesting that the protective effect of diosmin on kidney I/R injury was associated with anti-inflammatory mechanism.     

冬小麦小花发育及结实特性对叶面喷 6-BA 的响应

【目的】通过小花发育后期叶面喷细胞分裂素 6-苄氨基腺嘌呤 (6-BA),探讨外源 6-BA 对小麦小花发育及结实成粒的调控效应,以期为增加小麦穗粒数、提高产量调控技术的研究提供参考。【方法】试验于 2012～2014 年在河南农业大学科教示范园区 (34°86′N, 113°59′E) 进行,以当前主推的半冬性品种豫麦 49-198 为供试材料,在拔节后 25 d 叶面喷清水 (对照 CK)、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤 (6-BA),观察记载不同小穗位小花发育的动态变化及形态特征,按常规考种法记载不同小穗位 (基部、中部和顶部) 结实粒数、每小穗结实粒数和每小穗不同花位结实粒数。【结果】喷 6-BA 处理麦穗基部、中部、顶部小穗位的可孕小花数显著高于对照,其可孕小花的结实率分别提高 8.4%、15.1% 和 10.6%。进一步分析可知,喷 6-BA 处理抑制了基部和中部小穗小花的退化速率及可孕小花的败育速率,其中基部小穗位的小花退化速率降低 24.4%,可孕小花败育速率降低 73.0%;中部小穗位小花的退化速率降低 14.7%,可孕小花败育速率降低 76.0%;而且顶部小穗可孕小花的败育速率较对照降低 61.3%,最终使顶部小穗的结实率亦显著提高。喷 6-BA 处理还可显著促进不同小穗位的不同花位小花结实,尤其对促进第 3、4 花位弱势小花成粒效果显著。【结论】在冬小麦小花退化高峰之前 (拔节后 25 d),采取叶面喷外源激素 6-BA,可明显降低基部小穗和中部小穗小花的退化速率与可孕小花的败育速率。另外,喷 6-BA 处理还可抑制顶部小穗可孕小花的败育速率,从而提高单穗的可孕花结实率,获得较高的最终结实粒数。     

Mo~(6+)对草鱼组织器官及抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过不同质量浓度Mo~(6+)(0、30.67、122.66mg/L)对(10.0±3.0)g草鱼幼鱼脑、肝脏、肾脏、心脏及性腺的组织学以及对肝胰脏抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨了重金属Mo~(6+)的毒性积累和毒性机制。结果表明,草鱼Mo~(6+)中毒后,脑组织出现异常,表现为细胞破裂、细胞核聚集程度严重;肾脏充血,肾小管上皮细胞核肥大,肾小球明显萎缩;心脏肌纤维细胞体积增大,单位视野内细胞数变少,细胞核形态异常,以及局部的细胞空泡变性,出现少量细胞核偏移和密集并且细胞轮廓模糊,肌纤维有轻微断裂现象;肝脏的肝细胞出现严重的水样变性,伴随着细胞溶解、浑浊变性和轮廓模糊,血窦扩张,形成局部的点状病灶;卵巢中卵母细胞出现核变形,胞质中出现小的空泡,细胞核膨胀,扩张和核仁空泡化;精巢中生精小管畸形,含不同发育阶段的精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞,精细胞体积增大,精子数量明显减少。随着Mo~(6+)质量浓度的升高和时间延长,草鱼肝胰脏中的超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量降低。     

Influence of 18:2n‐6/20:5n‐3 ratio in diets on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 120‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of the ratio of dietary linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) on the growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile Haliotis discus hannai (initial shell length 10.23 ± 1.48 mm; initial body weight 0.13 ± 0.05 g) in a recirculation water system. Five semipurified diets with 35 g kg^?1 total lipid were formulated to contain graded LA/EPA ratios (1 : 0, 0.75 : 0.25, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.25 : 0.75, and 0 : 1, respectively). Twenty‐five juveniles were stocked in a rearing unit, a plastic basket (20 × 20 × 10 cm), as a replicate, and there were three replicates for each dietary treatment. The results showed that abalone survival rates were generally high (90.1–98.3%) and independent of the dietary treatments. However, abalone growth was significantly affected by LA/EPA ratio (P < 0.05). The LA/EPA ratio of 0.25 : 0.75 (Diet 4) produced the highest weight gain rate (WGR, 416.3%), closely followed by the ratio of 0 : 1 (Diet 5, 412.9%), the ratio of 0.5 : 0.5 (Diet 3, 399.7%) and the ratio of 0.75 : 0.25 (Diet 2, 372.1%), but no significant differences were observed among these treatments. The abalone fed the diet without 20:5n‐3 (Diet 1) had the lowest WGR (Diet 1, 363.8%), which was significantly lower than that of Diet 4. Fatty acid profiles in abalone body reflected those of dietary lipids, especially for the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The contents of arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n‐6) in abalone tissues were positively correlated with dietary level of 18:2n‐6 (P < 0.05). Similar correlation was also observed between the level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) in abalone tissues and the level of dietary EPA. It is suggested that abalone, H. discus hannai, have the capacity to synthesize 20:4n‐6 from 18:2n‐6, and maybe 22:6n‐3 from 20:5n‐3.     

3种生长延缓剂对彩色马蹄莲无菌苗生长的影响

使用不同浓度多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)、水杨酸(SA)结合不同浓度配比的6-BA和NAA以促进彩色马蹄莲无菌侧芽分化和生长。将用不同浓度的PP333、CCC、SA处理后的彩色马蹄莲无菌苗转入MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L培养基中进行增殖培养,结果表明:PP333对抑制植株生长、促进块茎膨大及芽分化具有明显效果,并以8.0mg/L为最佳浓度。用含不同浓度NAA、6-BA的MS培养基培养经PP3338.0mg/L处理过的彩色马蹄莲无菌苗,最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0~3.0mg/L。     

Screening and quantification of an antiseptic alkylamide, spilanthol from in vitro cell and tissue cultures of Spilanthes acmella Murr.

The study revealed, for the first time, accumulation of spilanthol, an antiseptic alkylamide, in in vitro cultures of Spilanthes acmella Murr., a medicinal plant of immense commercial value. To achieve this, in vitro shoots were regenerated via direct organogenesis from leaf-disc explants of Spilanthes. Shoots were induced in the presence of N⁶-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with either α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in Murashige and Skoog medium. The best treatment for shoot regeneration was MS + BAP (5.0 μM) + IAA (5.0 μM), which promoted adventitious shoot proliferation in >82% cultures with an average of 5.3 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots rooted spontaneously with a frequency of 100% on half strength MS medium (major salts reduced to half strength) containing 50 g l⁻¹ sucrose. The plantlets were acclimatized successfully with 90% survival rate. Additionally, ploidy stability of the regenerated plants was assessed by flow cytometry which showed that all investigated plants had the similar ploidy as that of the mother plant. For spilanthol identification, peaks eluted from HPLC were analyzed by mass spectrometry with its characteristic fragmentation pattern. For quantification studies, calibration curve was generated, which revealed a higher amount of spilanthol content (3294.36 ± 12.4 μg/g DW) in the leaves of in vitro plants compare to those of in vivo plants (2703.66 ± 9.6 μg/g DW of spilanthol). An efficient multiplication frequency, ploidy stability and enhanced spilanthol accumulation ensure the efficacy of the protocol developed for this industrially important medicinal plant.     

己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯缓解氯磺隆对玉米药害的研究

采用室内土培法分别测定了不同浓度己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯（简称DA-6）和不同浓度氯磺隆对玉米生长的影响,不同浓度氯磺隆处理土壤DA-6浸种对玉米根生长的影响。结果表明DA-6浓度在0.5～20mg/L范围内,玉米根长、根鲜重和株高、株鲜重高于对照,其中以5mg/L最好;氯磺隆处理浓度自0.25μg/kg起,明显抑制玉米幼苗的生长,且对主根长和根鲜重的抑制作用较株高和株鲜重更为严重;当用5 mg/L的DA-6浸种可不同程度地缓解0.25～8μg/kg的氯磺隆对玉米的伤害。     

2-(4-羟基苯氧基)-6-氯-喹喔啉的合成新方法

以2,6-二氯喹喔啉、对苯二酚、液碱为原料,优化操作过程,于三元体系中合成2-(4-羟基苯氧基)-6-氯喹喔啉,收率达到96％以上.     

小菜蛾CYP6BG1基因体外真核表达及其对氯虫苯甲酰胺的代谢

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella是为害十字花科作物的世界性重要害虫,对氯虫苯甲酰胺产生了严重抗性。已经明确小菜蛾CYP6BG1的过量表达与其对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性相关。本文进一步通过昆虫杆状病毒表达系统在Sf9细胞中表达了小菜蛾CYP6BG1和NADPH-细胞色素P450还原酶(CPR)蛋白,并检测Sf9细胞表达CYP6BG1蛋白后对氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感变化及氯虫苯甲酰胺经CYP6BG1蛋白代谢后对小菜蛾幼虫毒力的变化。结果显示:Sf9细胞中与CPR共表达的CYP6BG1具有7-乙氧基香豆素O-脱乙基酶活性,且细胞对氯虫苯甲酰胺的敏感性显著下降。将表达的蛋白与不同浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺孵育24 h后,对3龄小菜蛾幼虫致死率显著低于对照组。本研究结果间接表明CYP6BG1能够降解氯虫苯甲酰胺,从而增强小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性。     

多源遥感影像的融合方法效果分析

在IRS—P6遥感影像的多光谱与CBERS-2B遥感影像的全色PAN波段之间进行融合,对乘积变换、比值变换、IHS变换和主成分分析4种常见的融合方法进行对比分析,并对融合后的影像进行主观定性评价和客观定量评价。研究表明：IHS变换效果相对最优,在较好地保持原多光谱影像光谱信息的同时,大大地提高了影像的空间分辨率,对云区的地物色彩表现力上也较好。研究对于使用多源遥感影像融合获取高质量影像有着重要的参考价值。