密度调控对女贞人工林土壤铵态氮和硝态氮季节变化的影响

以江苏扬州市江都区7年生女贞人工林为对象,研究密度调控对其土壤铵态氮（NH4＋-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量剖面分布特征及季节变化的影响。结果表明：不同调控密度下女贞人工林土壤NH4＋-N和NO3--N含量均随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,且表现出明显的季节变化;3种密度调控下土壤NH4＋-N 含量均是秋冬两季较高,春季最低,夏季又有明显回升,且3种密度中的2275株/hm2下NH4＋-N含量在4个季节均高于另外2种密度;土壤NO3--N 季节变化与NH4＋-N大体一致,在春季含量最低,但不同密度间变化趋势差异较大;土温、含水量及有机质均与土壤NH4＋-N和NO3--N含量存在显著的相关关系（p＜0.05）,且在夏季均达到极显著相关（p＜0.01）。     

西藏纳木错高寒草原、高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸主要温室气体通量对比研究

青藏高原高寒草地占我国天然草地的40%,研究其温室气体源汇强度及驱动因子具有重要意义。采用静态箱-气相色谱法,在西藏纳木错地区开展高寒草原、高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸的生态系统呼吸、CH₄和N₂O通量观测,生长季内的观测表明：高寒草原和高寒草甸生态系统呼吸分别为（283.7±14.4） mg·m^-2·h^-1和（275.7±20.6） mg·m^-2·h^-1,低于有机质丰富的沼泽化草甸,为（591.6±53.2） mg·m^-2·h^-1。高寒草原和高寒草甸均是CH₄的汇,其生长季均值分别为（-84.9±7.6） μg·m^-2·h^-1和（-39.2±4.6） μg·m^-2·h^-1;而沼泽化草甸是CH₄的源其均值为（149.2±34.2） μg·m^-2·h^-1。高寒草原、高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸均为N₂O的源,生长季排放量分别为（7.3±2.8）,（3.0±1.1）和（2.2±4.3） μg·m^-2·h^-1。土壤水分总体控制着高寒草地CH₄通量的时空变化,在土壤水分含量约大于30%的沼泽化草甸表现为CH₄的排放源,而在土壤水分含量低于30%的高寒草原和草甸表现为CH₄的汇;生长季水分含量越高,对CH₄的吸收越弱。     

三种鹿血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对26头白唇鹿、41头马鹿和11头梅花鹿的血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同功酶谱及其多态性进行了研究。结果发现：三种鹿的LDH都有LDH1、LDH2、LDH3和LDH5四种同功酶;LDH3同功酶具有1～3条亚带,LDH5具有显现酶活性和不显现酶活性两种表型而呈现多态性;白唇鹿的LDH同功酶酶谱及其多态性有较明显的种的特征。     

维生素K3的合成及应用

本文概述了维生素K3的各种合成技术路线，对维生素K3生产技术的发展进行了展望，介绍了其应用和市场供求现状。     

虎杖提取物对CCl4诱导建鲤损伤肝细胞生化指标的影响

为探明虎杖对鱼类损伤肝细胞是否具有修复作用,分离建鲤肝细胞,设6个试验组：I组(空白对照组);II组(CCl4模型组);III组(800 μg/mL虎杖提取物对照组);IV组(造模前200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组);V组(造模后200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组);VI组(造模前、后200、400、800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组)。各组细胞经处理后继续培养12 h,收集肝细胞培养液,检测上清培养液中丙氨酸转氨酶(GPT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(GOT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等酶活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝细胞的存活率。结果表明：III组肝细胞培养液中GOT、GPT、LDH、SOD、MDA值及细胞存活率与I组相比无明显变化(P＞0.05),说明800 μg/mL虎杖提取物没有细胞毒性,可用于后续试验;与II组相比,IV组中800 μg/mL虎杖提取物处理组的效果优于其他2个浓度组,可以极显著降低培养液中GOT值(P<0.01),显著降低培养液中GPT、LDH值(P<0.05),显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05),而MDA含量和SOD值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与II组相比,V组中400 μg/mL虎杖提取物效果优于其他2个浓度组,可以极显著降低培养液中GOT值(P<0.01),显著降低培养液中LDH值(P<0.05),显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05),但GPT值、MDA含量、SOD的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与II组相比,VI组中800 μg/mL虎杖提取物效果优于其他2个浓度组,能极显著降低培养液中GOT、GPT、LDH在肝细胞中的释放(P<0.01),显著降低培养液中MDA含量(P<0.05),显著提高肝细胞的存活率(P<0.05)。综合以上结果,以VI组中800 μg/mL的虎杖提取物效果最好,能有效抑制CCl4所造成的肝细胞损伤,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

Metabolism of [ring-2,6-14]parathion in plant cell suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), soybean,thorn apple (Datura stramonium) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)

By means of standardized procedures, the metabolism of [ring-2,6-¹⁴C]-parathion was investigated in carrot (Daucus carota L.), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), soybean (Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Mandarin’?, and Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Harosoy 63’? cultivated on B5 and Miller media, respectively), thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell suspension cultures. In the wheat and soybean (Mandarin) cells only 2.9 and 8.9%, respectively, of the applied parthion remained unmetabolized after 48 h of incubation, while 51.2, 57.9, 60.3, and 62.4% of the unchanged parent were detected in the D. purpurea, D. Stramonium, carrot and soybean (Harosoy) cultures, respectively. In all suspensions, paraoxon and 4-nitrophenol were found as phase I metabolites, thus demonstrating that plant tissues can catalyse oxidative desulfuration and dearylation of parathion. 4-Nitrophenol was also glycosylated with glucose and possibly galactose. Further, as yet unidentified, metabolites indicated that bio-transformations had also occurred at the aromatic moiety. Large amounts of non-extractable residues were detected in the wheat suspension (38.3%), while the other cultures showed a lower incorporation of ¹⁴C into insoluble cell material (0.9-9.4%). For a prospective ecotoxicological evaluation of the metabolic fate of pesticides and xenobiotics in plants in general, the differential metabolic capacity of plant cell cultures and plants should be taken into account.     

Carbon isotopic ratios of wetland and terrace soil sequences in the Maya Lowlands of Belize and Guatemala

This article provides new data and synthesizes earlier findings on the carbon isotope ratios of the humin part of soil organic matter from a range of sites in the central Maya Lowlands. Changes down the soil profile in carbon isotope ratios can provide an important line of evidence for vegetation change and erosion over time, especially in well dated aggrading profiles. Research thus far has provided substantial evidence for significant inputs from C₄ vegetation in buried layers from the Ancient Maya periods in depositional soils but equivocal evidence from sloping soils. We present new findings from soil profiles through ancient Maya wetland fields, upland karst wetlands, ancient Maya aguadas (reservoirs), and ancient Maya terraces. Most of the profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment greater than the 2.5–3‰ typical from bacterial fractionation. Seven of nine ancient Maya wetland profiles showed δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 4.25 to 8.56‰ in ancient Maya-dated sediments that also contained phytolith and pollen evidence of grass (C₄ species) dominance. Upland karst sinks and ancient reservoirs produced more modest results for δ¹³C enrichment. These seasonal wetland profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 1 to 7.3‰ from the surface to ancient Maya-period sediments. Agricultural terraces produced mixed results, with two terraces having substantial δ¹³C enrichment of 5.34 and 5.66‰ and two producing only equivocal results of 1.88 and 3.03‰ from modern topsoils to Maya Classic-period buried soils. Altogether, these findings indicate that C₄ plants made up c. 25% of the vegetation at our sites in the Maya Classic period and only a few percent today. These findings advance the small corpus of studies from ancient terraces, karst sinks, and ancient wetland fields by demonstrating substantial δ¹³C and thus C₄ plant enrichment in soil profile sections dated to ancient Maya times. These studies are also providing a new line of evidence about local and regional soil and ecological change in this region of widespread environmental change in the Late Holocene.     

黑皮质素4型受体在绵羊下丘脑区域的定位

黑皮质素4型受体(melanocortin 4 receptor,MC4R)作为下丘脑参与能量调控过程中的关键性受体,在动物能量代谢调节中被广泛关注。目前,关于该受体在绵羊下丘脑中分布区域的相关报道较少。针对试验过程中MC4R免疫荧光结果不稳定,分布区域不明显的特点,本研究在改进现有MC4R免疫荧光试验方法基础上,对MC4R在绵羊下丘脑的分布区域进行了观察。结果显示,分别经过4%多聚甲醛长时间固定(6 d),Triton X-100(pH≈8.68)长时间通透(2 d),以及3%过氧化氢和0.2 mol/L甘氨酸+0.3%SDS+20%甲醇的预处理后,可以获得稳定且饱满的MC4R免疫荧光结果。MC4R主要分布在绵羊下丘脑的室旁核(arcuate nucleus,ARC)区域,但在弓状核区域并无类似分布。     

晋绿豆4号的选育

晋绿豆4号是从山西汾阳当地农家品种中系统选择优良变异单株鉴定而成。具有早熟、优质、稳产、抗旱、抗病与适应性强的特点。