Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the β subunit of thyrotropin and regulation of its gene expression by thyroid hormones in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

A cDNA encoding the subunit of thyrotropin (TSH) was isolated from a goldfish (Carassius auratus) pituitary gland cDNA library. By comparing the sequence with other teleost TSHs, a signal peptide of 19 amino acids and a mature hormone of 131 amino acids were predicted for goldfish TSH subunits. The resulting putative mature hormone of 131 amino acids had well-conserved cysteine positions and a putative N-linked glycosylation site; homology was 51–67% with TSHs from other teleosts, 38–43% with tetrapod TSHs, but only 27 and 29% with goldfish GTH-I and -II, respectively. We also examined the effects of thyroid hormones (TH) and thiourea (TU, an inhibitor of TH production) treatments on TSH and GTH subunit gene expressions in the goldfish pituitary gland. After thyroxine (T₄) treatment, circulating T₄ concentration increased and TSH mRNA level decreased. Supressing the amount of circulating T₄ and triiodothyronine (T₃) by TU treatment increased the TSH mRNA level. Moreover, T₄ replacement therapy (simultaneous treatment of both TU and T₄) caused a high level of circulating T₄ and a low level of circulating T₃, and a decrease in the TSH mRNA level. Thus, changing levels of circulating TH exert a negative feedback on the level of TSH subunit mRNA in goldfish in vivo. On the other hand, GTH subunit mRNA levels were not affected by changes in the levels of circulating TH.     

玉米EIN3/EIL家族基因ZmEIL9调控籽粒发育

【目的】玉米籽粒大小和粒重是影响其产量的重要因素。EIN3/EIL基因家族是乙烯信号转导途径中的关键转录因子,解析EIN3/EIL家族基因ZmEIL9在玉米籽粒发育中的生物学功能。【方法】利用生物信息学和RT-qPCR分析ZmEIL9在玉米籽粒发育中的表达特征,对ZmEIL9及其同源基因进行多序列比对,利用邻接法构建其系统进化树,分析ZmEIL9编码蛋白序列特征,对目的蛋白进行亚细胞定位。筛选ZmEIL9的玉米Mu转座子插入突变体和CRISPR/Cas9编辑突变体,鉴定突变体和对照的农艺性状表型,分析籽粒灌浆速率,测量淀粉粒、蛋白含量等籽粒储藏物质。【结果】根据玉米中EIN3/EIL家族成员,系统进化树分析显示,ZmEIL9编码蛋白与ZmEIL1、SbEIL1亲缘关系较近。玉米自交系B73籽粒转录组数据库中,ZmEIL9在籽粒发育早期和晚期表达量较高,但在自交系N04籽粒发育中期和晚期表达量较高。在自交系丹232和N04中ZmEIL9编码644个氨基酸,自交系B73中编码642个氨基酸;亚细胞定位表明,ZmEIL9编码蛋白定位于细胞核中。获得不同Mu转座子插入位点的ZmEIL9突变体,以及发生氨基酸移码突变的CRISPR/Cas9编辑突变体,表型分析表明,ZmEIL9的Mu转座子突变体和编辑突变体的株高、籽粒粒长和百粒重均比对照显著降低。对不同发育时期玉米籽粒干重进行分析,显示Zmeil9突变体的籽粒灌浆速率小于野生型。扫描电镜观察显示,Zmeil9突变体比野生型成熟籽粒中的淀粉粒明显变小,并表现不规则形态;进一步分析表明,Zmeil9编辑突变体籽粒中总淀粉含量和醇溶蛋白浓度均显著低于野生型。【结论】ZmEIL9在玉米籽粒发育过程中起重要调控作用。     

大豆脂肪酸脱氢酶GmFAD3C-1基因的克隆及功能分析

研究通过对大豆脂肪酸脱氢酶GmFAD3家族中4个关键酶基因序列进行比对,与对照JN18相比,大豆低亚麻酸突变体MT72中GmFAD3C-1基因在起始密码子后+966bp处存在一个碱基位点的缺失（G→?）,产生移码突变,导致氨基酸序列上产生较大变化（该突变基因命名为gmfad3c-1）。构建GmFAD3C-1基因超表达及CRISPR/Cas9编辑载体,利用花粉管通道法获得T₂转化植株。脂肪酸脱氢酶酶活测定结果显示,超表达植株T₂籽粒中,酶活与对照相比上升47.62%~78.85%,编辑载体T₂籽粒中,酶活与对照相比下降25.67%~47.11%。脂肪酸相对含量测定的结果进一步表明,GmFAD3C-1基因的表达与植株亚麻酸含量密切相关。     

猪圆环病毒2型CC株ORF3基因序列分析及真核表达

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的核酸序列,设计了1对引物,采用PCR方法从疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的死亡仔猪病料中扩增出了ORF3基因,将其克隆到高效真核表达载体pEGFP- N2中,筛选出含有ORF3基因的重组质粒,命名为pEGFP-N2-ORF3.对此重组质粒进行测序分析,结果表明,克隆的ORF3基因与其他PCV2的ORF3核苷酸序列相似性为96.2％-99.0％,氨基酸序列同源性为90.5 ％～98.1％.将重组质粒纯化后转染COS-7细胞,用PCR方法扩增出了特征性的基因片段,并采用特异性单抗进行间接免疫荧光,结果转染pEGFP- N2-ORF3重组蛋白在细胞核和细胞浆中均有表达,尤其在细胞核中表达量较高,且对细胞有一定的毒性.本研究为进一步探讨ORF3的结构和功能提供理论依据.     

Uncoupling and inhibition properties of 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid isolated from Maytenus imbricata

3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid was isolated from Maytenus imbricata (Celastraceae). At low concentrations it inhibited non-cyclic electron transport and ATP synthesis in spinach chloroplasts, i.e., it behaved as a Hill reaction inhibitor, and at high concentrations it acts as an uncoupler by enhancing uncoupled electron transport and Mg²⁺-ATPase activity. 3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid did not inhibit PSII electron transport from DPC to DCPIP_ox and photosystem I activity, but it enhanced from TMQH₂ to MV, corroborating its action as uncoupler. It inhibits electron flow through PSII from water to sodium silicomolybdate. The whole results indicate that the 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid target is at the OEC complex enzyme, the donor side of PSII. The fluorescence decay data shows the formation of the K-band, which match this result, acting as inhibitor at the donor side of PSII and it as an uncoupler.     

Non-iterative variance component estimation in QTL analysis

In variance component quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, a mixed model is used to detect the most likely chromosome position of a QTL. The putative QTL is included as a random effect and a method is needed to estimate the QTL variance. The standard estimation method used is an iterative method based on the restricted maximum likelihood (REML). In this paper, we present a novel non-iterative variance component estimation method. This method is based on Henderson's method 3, but relaxes the condition of unbiasedness. Two similar estimators were compared, which were developed from two different partitions of the sum of squares in Henderson's method 3. The approach was compared with REML on data from a European wild boar × domestic pig intercross. A meat quality trait was studied on chromosome 6 where a functional gene was known to be located. Both partitions resulted in estimated QTL variances close to the REML estimates. From the non-iterative estimates, we could also compute good approximations of the likelihood ratio curve on the studied chromosome.     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.     

气候变化情景下海河流域水文循环变化模拟

Climate change scenarios, predicted using the regional climate modeling system of PRECIS (providing regional climates for impacts studies), were used to derive three-layer variable infiltration capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model for the simulation of hydrologic processes at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° in the Haihe River Basin. Three climate scenarios were considered in this study: recent climate (1961-1990), future climate A2 (1991-2100) and future climate B2 (1991-2100) with A2 and B2 being two storylines of future emissions developed with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on emissions scenarios. Overall, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2, the Haihe River Basin would experience warmer climate with increased precipitation, evaporation and runoff production as compared with recent climate, but would be still likely prone to water shortages in the period of 2031-2070. In addition, under future climate A2 and B2, an increase in runoff during the wet season was noticed, indicating a future rise in the flood occurrence possibility in the Haihe River Basin.     

茶树新梢生育的内源激素水平及其调控机理*(第四报)外源激素对茶树内源激素的影响及其与新梢生长的关系

以外源NAA、GA3和催发素溶液喷布茶树,研究其对新梢内源激素含量水平的影响及其与新梢生长的关系。结果表明：NAA处理显著提高新梢生育初期内源ABA和IAA的含量,新梢生长一度受抑,但随后zeatin含量上升,生长加速;GA3处理后新梢内源ABA含量下降,IAA含量减少,GA3和zeatin含量提高,新梢生长量加大,生长速率加快;催发素处理后新梢内源IAA含量下降,促进新梢萌发与生长,提高鲜叶产量。