Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

基于12SrRNA和ND3基因序列分析巨[鱼丕]遗传多样性及系统进化

为从分子水平研究巨[鱼丕](Bagarius yarrelli Sykes)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本实验对采集于怒江、澜沧江、元江3河流5种群中的60个个体进行12S rRNA和ND3基因序列的PCR扩增,同时与红河河口群体12个个体的12S rRNA和ND3基因序列进行比对分析,采用Mega5.02软件对碱基组成、Kimura-2 parameter遗传距离、可变位点等进行分析。应用DnaSP软件进行遗传多样性相关参数的计算。结果显示:12S rRNA和ND3基因序列长度分别为954 bp和346 bp(349 bp),分别定义了51个单倍型和42个单倍型,12S rRNA和ND3序列中的碱基平均含量分别为:T为20.8%、C为25.7%、A为32.1%、G为21.4%和T为29.5%、C为28.2%、A为28.1%、G为14.1%,表现出明显的A+T偏倚性;6个群体的群体内和群体间的遗传距离分别为0.003~0.284(12S rRNA),0.009~0.059(ND3)和0.004~1.062(12S rRNA),0.008~0.143(ND3);12S rRNA基因的51个单倍型和ND3基因的42个单倍型序列总的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)及核苷酸平均差异数(K)分别为0.972和0.937、0.035和0.079、31.414和27.176,均显示出丰富的遗传多样性。结合从GenBank中下载的12S rRNA和ND3基因同源序列的[鱼丕]科9属10种鱼类进行系统发育树的构建,结果表明巨[鱼丕]独自汇聚成一大单系群,怒江潞江坝群体、怒江三江口群体及澜沧江临沧群体间关系较近,澜沧江景洪群体可单独构成一个单系种群,红河河口群体、红河曼耗群体与其它巨[鱼丕]构成一单系种群后再同澜沧江景洪群体汇聚成一支。     

Phenotypical parameters as a tool to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of laminarin in Oncorhynchus mykiss

Laminarin is a β‐glucan from the brown algae Laminaria digitata (J.V. Lamour), which can activate innate immune responses. With the aim of developing a strategy to evaluate specific phenotypical parameters of the effects of laminarin in trout innate immunity, we (i) fed fish with laminarin‐supplemented diet (0.2 g kg^?1 day^?1) for 21 days and (ii) treated fish with a single dose of intraperitoneal injected laminarin (0.08 g kg^?1 fish). The evaluation of cellular and humoral immune parameters was established at phenotypic level by the phagocytic activity of headkidney macrophages and detection of inflammatory cytokines in head kidney and gill tissue by indirect ELISA. Results showed that both delivery methods of laminarin produce an increase in the phagocytic activity in head kidney macrophages and a significant increase in the production of TNFα and IL‐8 in gill tissue at day 21. Additionally, some of these parameters were significantly correlated (P < 0.025), which places them as new potential combined markers to detect activation of trout defense mechanisms by laminarin. These results highlight the importance of developing new protocols to quantitate immune parameters, in order to evaluate immunostimulants in fish farming.     

Involvement of TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome in contrast medium-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were involved in contrast medium (CM)-induced inflammation and injury in renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS: Iopromide was used to injure NRK-52E cells in the study. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speckle-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. The releases of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. The apoptotic rate was evaluated by Hoechst staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analyzed by JC-1 staining. siRNA was transfected into the NRK-52E cells to silence NLRP3 expression. RESULTS: CM decreased the viability of NRK-52E cells (P<0.05). CM also elevated the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 (P<0.05). Silencing NLRP3 attenuated CM-induced releases of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, treatment with TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 or knockdown of NLRP3 by siRNA transfection both attenuated cell apoptosis and loss of MMP caused by CM. CONCLUSION: TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome takes part in the pathogenesis of CM-induced acute kidney injury, and mediates CM-induced injury and inflammation in renal tubular epithelial cells.     

番茄种质资源黄化曲叶病毒病抗性的鉴定与评价

鉴于目前商业番茄品种黄化曲叶病毒病抗性难以甄别,对86份番茄种质的番茄黄化曲叶病毒(TYLCV)抗性基因进行PCR检测并进行田间抗病性鉴定。结果表明,目前抗TYLCV番茄种质抗性基因主要是Ty-1/ty-1和Ty-1/ty-1+Ty-3a/ty-3,2种类型抗病种质(19份、23份)分别占总抗病种质(61份)的31.15%和37.70%。在仅含有Ty-1基因的25个番茄种质中,有80.00%田间表现抗病,而同时含有Ty-1和Ty-3a 2个基因的26个番茄种质中,田间抗病率达100%,说明抗性基因具有累加效应。通过抗性基因PCR方式进行抗病检测,准确率达到81.40%。同时推荐了M-17号、达丽等25份抗TYLCV番茄优良品种。     

Carbon isotopic ratios of wetland and terrace soil sequences in the Maya Lowlands of Belize and Guatemala

This article provides new data and synthesizes earlier findings on the carbon isotope ratios of the humin part of soil organic matter from a range of sites in the central Maya Lowlands. Changes down the soil profile in carbon isotope ratios can provide an important line of evidence for vegetation change and erosion over time, especially in well dated aggrading profiles. Research thus far has provided substantial evidence for significant inputs from C₄ vegetation in buried layers from the Ancient Maya periods in depositional soils but equivocal evidence from sloping soils. We present new findings from soil profiles through ancient Maya wetland fields, upland karst wetlands, ancient Maya aguadas (reservoirs), and ancient Maya terraces. Most of the profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment greater than the 2.5–3‰ typical from bacterial fractionation. Seven of nine ancient Maya wetland profiles showed δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 4.25 to 8.56‰ in ancient Maya-dated sediments that also contained phytolith and pollen evidence of grass (C₄ species) dominance. Upland karst sinks and ancient reservoirs produced more modest results for δ¹³C enrichment. These seasonal wetland profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 1 to 7.3‰ from the surface to ancient Maya-period sediments. Agricultural terraces produced mixed results, with two terraces having substantial δ¹³C enrichment of 5.34 and 5.66‰ and two producing only equivocal results of 1.88 and 3.03‰ from modern topsoils to Maya Classic-period buried soils. Altogether, these findings indicate that C₄ plants made up c. 25% of the vegetation at our sites in the Maya Classic period and only a few percent today. These findings advance the small corpus of studies from ancient terraces, karst sinks, and ancient wetland fields by demonstrating substantial δ¹³C and thus C₄ plant enrichment in soil profile sections dated to ancient Maya times. These studies are also providing a new line of evidence about local and regional soil and ecological change in this region of widespread environmental change in the Late Holocene.     

“吉农3号”茄子选育及应用研究

“吉农3号”茄子为新育成的中晚熟、抗病、高产茄子杂交种,母本是83－02,父本是SP6。其特点是生长势强,外观品质好,抗褐纹病,产量比对照品种“沈茄1号”增产10％以上,在吉林省内能够制种。     

p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

草鱼肾细胞中细胞色素P450 3A基因诱导表达及其酶活性分析

采用基因克隆技术获取草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)细胞色素P450 3A(CYP3A)cDNA序列长1 849 bp,包含完整开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)1 542 bp,1个终止密码和含polyA信号3'UTR; ORF编码514个氨基酸,含信号肽(29 aa),2个跨膜螺旋区(23 aa,23 aa),血红素结合域(21 aa)和6个底物识别位点(SRSl-6);与其他脊椎动物CYP3A氨基酸序列相似度达60％ ～ 92％.用实时定量PCR和分光光度计法分别研究了草鱼肾细胞系(Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cell line CIK)中利福平(rifampicin,RIF)诱导CYP3A基因表达和红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND)活性,采用红霉素脱甲基酶活性法测定CYP3A的活性.结果显示,诱导组CIK细胞中CYP3A mRNA表达量在8最高,而CYP3A酶活在10h最高;CYP3A mRNA和酶活性与对照组均具显著差异性（P<0.05）.CYP3A转录水平先于相应酶活变化表达,且转录水平表达显著高于酶活性,这很可能反映了RIF对CYP3A的诱导主要作用于转录水平而不直接作用于酶活,本研究旨为药物对CYP3A转录调控和活性调节提供科学依据,并为渔药代谢酶的研究提供理论依据.     

苎麻咖啡酰辅酶A甲基转移酶基因原核表达及其结构分析

为了研究苎麻木质素合成关键酶——咖啡酰辅酶A-甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)基因编码的酶蛋白,了解其结构特点;采用原核表达系统——大肠杆菌表达系统pQE,对苎麻CCoAOMT cDNA编码区进行了高效表达,获得了分子量为29.4kD的苎麻CCoAOMT融合蛋白。采用SwissModel服务器模拟构建了该酶蛋白的空间结构。并利用InsightII软件包中的Docking模块构建了该酶蛋白与辅酶Sinapoyl、SAH和Ca2 相互作用的复合物的结合模型,并利用Discover模块对模拟的结构进行结构优化。可以推知所克隆的苎麻CCoAOMT cDNA编码了咖啡酰辅酶A甲基转移酶,具有O-甲基转移酶蛋白典型的催化功能,参与苎麻木质素单体前体的甲基化反应。