卫星遥感估产技术的发展与展望

在简述遥感估产的基本原理、程序及研究进展的基础上,对遥感估产模型进行了评价,并介绍了面积估算方法的发展趋势。遥感信息源的分辨率越来越高,3S、建模与农业、生态、计算机应用等技术相结合,为遥感估产打下了良好基础,从而使建立集高时效性、高精度、可操作性强、易于业务化等优点于一身的优秀的遥感估产系统成为可能。     

Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

多花水仙HMGS基因的克隆

以多花水仙花瓣抑制消减杂交文库获得的羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶（HMGS）基因片段为基础,采用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术从黄花水仙2号和金盏银台中各克隆一条HMGS基因,两基因均含有一个1413bp的开放阅读框,编码470个氨基酸,但存在2个氨基酸差异．氨基酸序列分析表明：黄花水仙2号与葡萄、大豆、蓖麻和玉米HMGS基因的氨基酸相似系数分别为83％、82％、82％和81％．以水仙Actin基因为内参基因,采用荧光定量PCR方法分析HMGS基因在两品种的表达水平,结果表明：两品种HMGS基因的表达水平差异并不明显．     

Detecting fruits in natural scenes by using spatial-frequency based texture analysis and multiview geometry

This paper describes a computer vision based model for object detection that can serve as a preliminary step in fruit prognosis, which involves the estimation of the number, diameter and yield of apple fruits. In order to overcome the recognition unreliability in uncontrolled environments caused by uneven illumination conditions, partly occluded surfaces, and similar background features, we rely on a combination of the object's colour, texture and 3D shape properties. In our research, we apply colour segmentation to multiple scene snapshots to separate potential regions from the background and verify them first with texture analysis and second by reconstructing them to 3D space. By analysing all three distinct features (colour, texture and 3D shape) of possible areas, we can safely conclude if they represent fruits we are looking for. Once we detect and verify all areas representing fruits, we can measure their size and model estimated fruit yield.     

Pansteatitis in polluted Olifants River impoundments: nutritional perspectives on fish in a eutrophic lake,Lake Loskop,South Africa

This study compares the aetiology of pansteatitis in Lake Loskop, relative to two other impoundments along the Olifants River. Macroscopic and microscopic pathology, age determination and analysis of stomach content, fatty acids and stable isotopes explain the high prevalence of pansteatitis in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and several other species in Lake Loskop. All the dietary indicator comparisons between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish fail to support a systemic cause. Pansteatitis in Lake Loskop was linked to size and weight of O. mossambicus, but not to ontogenic age. Fish in Lake Loskop showed abnormally high omega‐3 to omega‐6 fatty acid ratios normally only found in marine fish with no significant difference in degree of assimilation of these fatty acids between pansteatitis‐affected and healthy fish. This explains the vulnerability to, but not the occurrence of, pansteatitis. As a cause for the pansteatitis, these results point towards sporadic vitamin E‐depleting trigger events, known sporadic fish die‐off occurrences that provide surviving fish with a rich source of rancid fats on which to scavenge. The mechanism ties pansteatitis to eutrophication and trophic cascade effects, the intrinsic drivers of the disease and suggests an adaptive management strategy that might be applied by relevant conservation authorities.     

水杨酸分光光度法测定水中的NO_3~-

以水杨酸为显色剂,建立分光光度法测定水中NO3-含量的方法。结果表明,NO3-含量的最佳测定条件为：吸收波长410nm,1.0ml浓硫酸,1.0ml20% NaOH溶液,显色时间20min。此条件下,NO3-含量在0.5～8.0mg/L范围内遵循比尔定律。NO3-的最低检出限为0.1mg/L,加标回收率为98.0%～102.0%。     

利用SilviScan-3测定实心瓜多竹微纤丝角

实心瓜多竹(Guadua amplexifolia)隶属于瓜多竹属(Guadua),丛生,是南美洲主要栽培竹种之一,广泛分布于哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴西、阿根廷等国,竹材基部实心,高25m,径15cm左右,是较好的建筑用原料,耐短期零度低温,适应我国热带、南亚热带或中亚热带与南亚热带过渡区的气候条件(邹跃     

Validation of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

This article presents a validation of a method, proposed in Podlaski (2003), for estimating the degree of tree damage. This method belongs to a group of small-area methods. To estimate the degree of tree damage in individual P₃ sub-blocks of the SINUS system of information on the natural environment, a classification based on the degree of defoliation was used. Spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage was estimated through unrestricted simple random sampling. The maximum total estimation error for proportions of fir and beech with a damage degree of zero, and also with second and third degrees jointly, reached a maximum of 35.6% for fir, and 33.8% for beech. P₃ sub-blocks characterised by the highest proportion of the healthiest trees (at least 15% being undamaged trees) occurred in patches in the case of fir, and in larger, compact areas in the case of beech. Because spatial diversification in the health of fir, and to a smaller degree in the case of beech, occurs at small scales, small-area methods for estimating tree condition are necessary. An analogous scheme, combining small-area with large-area methods (utilising sub-blocks of the network of large-area systems in a small-area inventory, and establishing a common database), could be used on a wider scale; for example, by supplementing the program of estimating tree health carried out by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Lorenz et al. 2002) with local inventories.     

光学三维测量技术在原木三维重建中的应用

提出了利用光学三维测量技术中的位相测量轮廓技术和图像拼接技术得到原木完整三维轮廓点云数据的原理和方法,并介绍运用Image ware软件进行原木的三维轮廓重建.该方法具有非接触性、快速高效、分辨率高且易于实现的特点.     

Comparison of predictions of baking volume using large deformation rheological properties

Three large deformation rheological tests, the Kieffer dough extensibility system, the D/R dough inflation system and the 2 g mixograph test, were carried out on doughs made from a large number of winter wheat lines and cultivars grown in Poland. These lines and cultivars represented a broad spread in baking performance in order to assess their suitability as predictors of baking volume. The parameters most closely associated with baking volume were strain hardening index, bubble failure strain, and mixograph bandwidth at 10 min. Simple correlations with baking volume indicate that bubble failure strain and strain hardening index give the highest correlations, whilst the use of best subsets regression, which selects the best combination of parameters, gave increased correlations with R²=0.865 for dough inflation parameters, R²=0.842 for Kieffer parameters and R²=0.760 for mixograph parameters.