苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白VIP3研究进展

营养期杀虫蛋白（vegetative insectcidal protein,VIP）是由苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）在营养生长指数中期至稳定期期间分泌产生的一类新型杀虫因子,分为VIP1、VIP2和VIP3三种,以VIP3的研究最为深入。VIP3A对鳞翅目害虫具广谱杀虫活性,可作用于敏感昆虫中肠上皮细胞刷状缘膜囊致离子通道的形成,杀虫活性达纳克级水平。利用Bt ICPs不同启动子与vip3基因重组可提高VIP3蛋白的表达量和稳定性。转vip3基因植物也已有构建成功的报道。本文从VIP3的类型和杀虫活性、作用机理、vip3基因的定位和分离、vip3基因重组和转vip3基因植物等方面详细介绍了VIP3近十年来的研究进展。     

Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon

In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits.     

Role of translationally controlled tumor protein in PRL-3-promoted metastasis of colon cancer cells

AIM: To study the role of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in the proliferation, migration and invasion of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3(PRL-3)-promoted colon cancer cells.METHODS: The vectors pAcGFP-C3 and pAcGFP-C3-PRL-3 were constructed and transfected into the colon cancer cell line LoVo.LoVo-PRL-3 cells stably expressing PRL-3 and LoVo-control cells were established. The expression levels of PRL-3 and TCTP in both cells were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The specific siRNA sequence for TCTP mRNA and control-siRNA were synthesized and transfected into the LoVo-PRL-3 cells. TCTP expression at mRNA and protein levels in LoVo-PRL-3 was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfection. The proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of LoVo-control cells, LoVo-PRL-3 cells, TCTP-siRNA and control-siRNA cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and the method of Transwell cell culture chambers.RESULTS: The expression of TCTP at mRNA and protein levels in LoVo cells was significantly increased after PRL-3 transfection (P<0.05). TCTP mRNA was significantly inhibited 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfection of TCTP-siRNA (P<0.01). TCTP protein was also significantly inhibited 48 h and 72 h after transfection (P<0.01). Compared with LoVo-control cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of LoVo-PRL-3 cells were significantly enhanced (P<0.05). However, lowering the up-regulated expression of TCTP in LoVo-PRL-3 cells inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PRL-3 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by up-regulating the TCTP expression. siRNA targeting TCTP may be an effective method for prevention and treatment of colon cancer cell metastasis.     

对数字化林业工程几个关键问题的思考

论述了各种林业数据的数字化方法：数字化仪输入;扫描仪扫描并矢量化;测量仪器直接获取。着重对数字化林业工程作了几点思考：要有统一的系统平台和全局观念;要遵循的5个原则;逐步实施及重视人才培养。     

3x+1问题的若干性质

从一个特殊的角度描述3x 1问题,引入了部分新的概念,建立了3x 1问题的等价命题,得到了关于3x 1问题特别是数列{fk(x)|k∈Z }的一部分性质.     

小麦细胞分裂素氧化酶基因Tackx3参与穗粒数的形成

细胞分裂素氧化酶基因与禾本科作物的穗粒数密切相关.本文根据已报道的小麦细胞分裂素氧化酶(cytokinin oxidase,CKX)基因EST序列在GenBank中搜索更新的EST序列,组装后设计特异引物在豫麦8679/红芒春31重组自交系群体(recombined inbreed lines,RILs)中鉴定与小麦穗粒数相关的CKX基因.结果表明,Tackx3基因在RILs群体中表现较好的多态性,并与小麦穗粒数相关.具有"A"型Tackx3等位基因的家系其穗粒数大都分布在较低的范围内(穗粒数15～60),平均值为55:而具有"B"型Tackx3等位基因的家系其穗粒数大都分布在较高的范围内(61～95),平均值为65,穗粒数均值T测验达极显著水平,说明Tackx3基因等位变异与小麦穗粒数形成关系密切.     

利用三维技术提高《机械制图》的教学效果研究

为了提高中等职业技术学校学生的机械制图的教学效果,提高学生的专业基础能力,运用现代技术-计算机三维技术,直观生动地展现传统教学中的平面到立体、立体到平面等难题,极大地提高了学生的理解能力与掌握程度,同时提高了学生的学习兴趣和热情,最终提高了学生的专业知识和技能,改善了机械制图的教学效果。     

Study on crown profile models for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Fujian Province and its visualization simulation

Crown profile models were developed for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Shunchang County, Fujian Province. We used data from 360 trees located in 65 pure, even-aged, and unthinned temporary plots. The data were divided into three groups according to site index. Nine models, including models for upper crown, lower crown, and entire crown, were fit; the optimal ones in each group were validated and chosen to estimate crown shape. The optimal models explained at least 70% variability in crown radius (CR). In addition, models for crown width, height above ground to crown base, and height above ground to largest CR were also developed to facilitate the convenient simulation of crown profile models. These three models explained 85.4%, 85.1%, and 86.9% variability. All models also passed the F-test and residual test. The 3D images of a single tree and stands were presented by OpenGL technology on visual c++ platform based on the proposed models. Tree growth was compared and analyzed using crown profile curves under constrained conditions. The analysis results accorded with plant growth.     

芜菁花叶病毒长春分离物p3基因的克隆、序列分析及P3蛋白抗血清的制备

 用RT-PCR方法从长春感染芜菁花叶病毒( Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)的十字花科蔬菜中扩增获得该病毒的p3基因,并对其序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,本研究所获得的10个TuMV分离物p3基因含1 065个核苷酸,其序列一致率为98.8%~99.6%,与GenBank中其他15个TuMV分离物核苷酸一致率为80.9%~99.4%。根据p3基因核苷酸序列构建的系统进化树显示:25个TuMV分离物可分为4个组,本研究得到的10个TuMV分离物均属于basal-BR组。将TuMV JCR06分离物p3基因N端663 bp片段克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+),并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) pLysS中表达出分子量约为28 kDa的融合蛋白。以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原免疫家兔,制备了P3蛋白的特异性抗血清。以TuMV侵染的萝卜为抗原,间接ELISA测定抗血清的效价为1∶2 048。Western blotting分析表明,制备的抗血清能与诱导表达的融合蛋白发生特异性反应。     

Influence of environmental pH modulation on efficiency of apoplastic PR proteins during Fusarium culmorum– wheat seedling interaction

Variation of apoplastic pH by Fusarium culmorum and its influence on the production, activity and isoenzymes patterns of the pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins β1,3‐glucanase, chitinase and peroxidase enzymes were detected in apoplastic fluids (AFs) from infected wheat seedlings. The time course in the 24–48 h interval post infection was characterized by an increase in activity and isoenzymatic differential induction of the selected PR proteins and by a concomitant rise of apoplastic pH. Chitinase attained maximum activity at pH 8·0 in the case of inoculated seedlings. Optimal β1,3‐glucanase activity in the pH range 6·0–8·0, was observed at pH 7·0. Peroxidase was strongly affected by pH, with enzyme activity having a maximum rate at pH 6·0 and thereafter rapidly declining at higher pH. Maximum peroxidase activity paralleled the appearance of the complete isoenzymatic pattern. In order to investigate the biological role of PR proteins in AFs, the in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated. In the interval 0–6 h, pH of macroconidia suspensions rose up to 7·2. AFs revealed inhibitory activity against germinating macroconidia of F. culmorum by decreasing the germination efficiency of macroconidia apical compartments, while this effect was compensated by an increased germination capacity of middle compartments. Present results suggest that during infection of wheat seedlings by F. culmorum the pH modulation favours host colonization by enhancing the activity of pectin lyase, and simultaneously inhibits the capacity of the host to oppose the pathogen by interfering with peroxidases which represent an important component of the defence arsenal.