Increased humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in growing pigs pre-treated with poly-γ-glutamic acid

This study was conducted to determine if humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine improved in 8-week-old growing pigs born to well-vaccinated sows pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) three days before vaccination. Antibody against FMD virus serotype O was measured 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination, using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit. The results showed that positive antibody reactions against FMDV serotype O antigen among a component of the vaccine significantly increased in response to pre-injection with γ-PGA.     

节水减氮对温室土壤硝态氮与氮素平衡的影响

【目的】针对日光温室蔬菜生产中肥水超量施用问题,以提高氮肥利用率和实现温室菜田可持续利用为目标,研究节水减氮在温室蔬菜生产中的增效潜力,推荐适宜水氮用量。【方法】采用当地典型种植茬口冬春茬黄瓜-秋冬茬番茄,在沟灌方式下设计农民习惯灌溉（W₁,＞100%田间持水量）和减量灌溉（W₂,75%-95%田间持水量）2个灌水水平;农民习惯施氮（N₁）、较农民习惯减氮25%（N₂）、减氮50%（N₃）和无氮（N₀）4个氮肥水平,对应黄瓜季施氮1 200、900、600和0 kg·hm^-2,番茄季施氮 900、675、450和0 kg·hm^-2,共W₁N₁、W₂N₂、W₂N₃、W₁N₀和W₂N₀ 5个水氮用量组合处理,3年6季定位研究蔬菜关键生育期0-100 cm土体硝态氮动态变化,分析氮素平衡和经济效益,推荐合理水氮用量。【结果】农民习惯水氮管理W₁N₁处理土壤硝态氮积累明显,并向土壤深层迁移。节水减氮W₂N₃处理3年0-60 cm土层硝态氮供应保持在相对适宜水平,平均硝态氮含量为53.3-80.9 mg·kg^-1;0-100 cm土体硝态氮未出现明显积累,平均含量较W₁N₁处理下降13.9%-31.1%;氮素表观损失下降56%,氮肥利用率提高2.4-3.3个百分点,并保持较高的经济效益。依据0-20 cm土层硝态氮含量与产量之间的显著回归关系,获得最佳产量土壤硝态氮含量黄瓜为37.4-72.9 mg·kg^-1,番茄应低于90 mg·kg^-1。根据蔬菜氮素需求量和关键生长期适宜的土壤硝态氮含量,结合根区土壤水分监测,推荐与供试条件相近的温室,沟灌冬春茬黄瓜产量160-180 t·hm^-2下灌水450-550 mm配合施氮600 kg·hm^-2较适宜,秋冬茬番茄产量70-80 t·hm^-2时灌水170-200 mm配合施氮250 kg·hm^-2较适宜。分析水氮减施增效原因为：节水20%-30%使土壤硝态氮趋近根区分布,节氮50%降低土壤剖面硝态氮积累,节水20%-30%配合减氮50%将根区硝态氮供应维持在适宜水平的同时,降低进入损失途径的氮素,从而实现增效。【结论】华北平原沟灌温室黄瓜-番茄农民生产现状节水减氮潜力较大。优化水分管理是实现氮肥减施增效的关键,在合理灌水量下,推荐适宜的施氮量是水氮减施增效的有效措施。较农民习惯管理节水20%-30%配合减氮50%,能有效降低氮素损失,提高氮肥利用率,保持较高经济效益。     

西安荷斯坦奶牛群5个基因座位遗传多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

应用PCR-RFLP方法对西安荷斯坦牛的κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、CSN1S2、IGFBP-3共5个基因座位进行了多态性分析。结果表明，在西安荷斯坦牛群中，没有发现携带CSN1S2^P等位基因的个体，其多态信息含量为0。κ-en基因座位呈现低度多态(PIC=0．2366)，β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3基因座位的多态信息含量分别为0．3168、0．3689、0．4439，均呈现中度多态。κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3、CSNIS2基因座位的杂合度和DNA多态度分别为0．2742、0．3947、0．4879、0．4891、0和0．0255、0．0116、0．0333、0．0112、0。而且，在西安荷斯坦牛群中，κ-en、β-lg、β-lg5′侧翼区、IGFBP-3共4个基因座位均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，CSN1S2基因座位处于纯合状态。     

基于三维技术的林地“一张图”树种库管理研究

以计算机图形学技术、虚拟树种建模技术和三维GIS技术为基础,通过树种建模、树种库建设、虚拟种树和与三维平台的集成等技术流程,实现了林地"一张图"树种库的大规模三维仿真模拟可视化展现,并对未来的研究方向作了进一步展望。     

Comparative analysis of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway activation and inhibition in human and canine melanoma

The lack of advanced animal models of human cancers is considered a barrier to developing effective therapeutics. Canine and human melanomas are histologically disparate but show similar disease progression and response to therapies. The purpose of these studies was to compare human and canine melanoma tumours and cell lines regarding MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling dysregulation, and response to select molecularly targeted agents. Pathway activation was investigated via microarray and mutational analysis. Growth inhibition and cell cycle effects were assessed for pathway inhibitors AZD6244 (MAPK) and rapamycin (PI3K/AKT) in human and canine melanoma cells. Human and canine melanoma share similar differential gene expression patterns within the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Constitutive pathway activation and similar sensitivity to AZD6244 and rapamycin was observed in human and canine cells. These results show that human and canine melanoma share activation and sensitivity to inhibition of cancer‐related signalling pathways despite differences in activating mutations.     

Temperature modulates liver lipid accumulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed low dietary levels of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed five graded levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3), from 1.4 to 5.2% of total fatty acids (FA, 5–17 mg kg^?1 feed), and grew from ~160 g to ~3000 g, with the period from 1450 g onwards conducted both at 6 °C and at 12 °C. All fish appeared healthy, and there were no diet‐related differences in haematological or plasma parameters, as well as intestinal histological or gut microbiota analysis. Fish reared at 6 °C had higher accumulation of storage lipids in the liver compared to fish reared at 12 °C. Liver lipids also increased with decreasing dietary EPA + DHA at 6 °C, while there was no such relationship at 12 °C. Gene expression of SREBP1 and 2, LXR, FAS and CPT1 could not explain the differences in liver lipid accumulation. In liver polar lipids, DHA was found to be reduced when dietary EPA + DHA was <2.7% of FAs, while the level of EPA in the membranes was not affected. In conclusion, reducing dietary EPA + DHA from 5.2 to 1.4% of total FAs had a minor impact on fish health. Temperature was the factor that most affected the liver lipid accumulation, but there was also an interaction with dietary components.     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

番茄ShARPC5抗白粉病功能分析

【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5(actin-related protein C5)进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777(Solanum habrochaites)cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)比较接种白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz)后高感品种Moneymaker(MM)和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induc...     

转hrpZpsta抗病基因大豆的研究

【目的】将具有广谱抗病性的hrpZpsta基因导入大豆,为培育抗灰斑病的转基因大豆新品系奠定基础。【方法】采用农杆菌介导法,以大豆子叶节为受体,将具有广谱抗性的hrpZpsta基因转入大豆品种"吉林30"中,以耐盐基因badh作为筛选标记性基因,经过抗性筛选,对转基因植株进行PCR检测、Southern杂交和RT-PCR检测分析。【结果】确定的NaCl筛选浓度为200mmol/L。对T1、T2和T3代转基因植株进行PCR检测,得到T1代阳性植株30株,T2代45株,T3代284株,说明外源hrpZpsta基因在转基因后代中能够遗传。Southern杂交结果表明,外源目的基因hrpZpsta已经整合进大豆基因组中,且整合位点不尽相同。RT-PCR结果表明,hrpZpsta基因在受体大豆中获得表达。【结论】获得了hrpZpsta基因遗传表达的T3代转基因大豆株系。     

人工神经网络用于异噻唑啉酮的定量结构-活性关系研究

采用误差反传前向人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN)建立了21种2-(4-取代-苯基)-3-异噻唑啉酮类化合物的结构与其抗菌活性之间的定量关系模型(ANN模型),以21种3-异噻唑啉酮类化合物的量子化学参数和拓扑指数作为输入、抗菌活性作为输出,所构建网络模型的交叉检验相关系数为0.991 6、标准偏差为0.080 1、残差绝对值≤0.221,应用于外部预测集,预测集相关系数为0.973 1;而多元线性回归(multiple linearregression,MLR)法模型的相关系数为0.841 8、标准偏差为0.303 9、残差绝对值≤0.636。结果表明,ANN模型获得了比MLR模型更好的拟合效果。