匙吻鲟大规格鱼种培育技术研究

2011年4月～6月,从湖北引进平均全长8mm,平均体重0．006g的匙吻鲟（Polyodon spathuk）水花50000尾,进行了大规格鱼种培育技术研究。苗种培育前期主要采用枝角类作为生物饵料,当鱼苗全长达到50mm时开始进行人工微颗粒配合饲料驯化,经一周左右驯化,鱼苗均可摄食微颗粒配合饲料。经过48d培育,鱼苗平均全长为186mm,平均体重为25．635g,存活率达57．8％,取得了较好的培育效果。     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

Temporal changes in plasma thyroid hormone,growth hormone and free fatty acid concentrations,and hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase activity,lipid and protein content during chronic fasting and re-feeding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Temporal changes in growth, plasma thyroid hormone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, hepatic T₃ content and hepatic 5-monodeiodinase activity were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to a sustained fast for up to eight weeks, and during a four-week re-feeding period. The purpose of the study was to examine aspects of the endocrine control of energy partitioning processes characteristic of short-term (acute; fasting) and long-term (chronic; starvation) food-deprivation states in fish, and to explore the role of the thyroid hormones, cortisol and GH in the energy repartitioning that takes place during an acute anabolic (re-feeding) state following chronic food deprivation.Differences in growth rate between fed and fasted groups were evident after two weeks, but significant weight loss by the fasted groups was not evident until between four and six weeks into the fast. Hepatosomatic indices (HSIs) were significantly reduced in the fasted fish within seven days, and as early as two days in one study; recovery of the HSI in fasted fish was evident within three days of re-feeding. Liver protein content (expressed as % wet weight) was consistently depressed in the fasted fish in only one of the three studies. Liver total lipid content (expressed as % wet weight) was depressed in the fasted fish within two days of food deprivation. Because of the rapid and sustained decrease in the HSI of fasted fish, the hepatic total protein and lipid reserves, when considered on a body weight basis, were markedly lowered within the first few days of the fast. Plasma GH concentrations exhibited a bi-modal pattern of change, with a transient fall in levels, followed by a sustained increase in fasted fish. The indicators of interrenal activity were suggestive of a depressed pituitary-interrenal axis in fasted animals; plasma cortisol levels were elevated to levels of fed animals within one day of re-feeding. The indicators of thyroid hormone economy (plasma thyroid hormone levels, liver triiodothyronine content, hepatic 5-monodeiodinase (MD) activity, thyroid epithelial cell height) were similarly indicative of a depressed pituitary-thyroid axis in fasted animals, with recovery to levels of the fed animals within one week. Despite the compensatory changes in accumulation of reserves (as indicated by a compensatory increase in HSI), there were no apparent compensatory changes in any of the endocrine parameters evident during the re-feeding period.     

鲤trim25多拷贝基因进化和表达调控初探

天然免疫系统是硬骨鱼类抵抗病毒感染的主要防御系统,三重基序(tripartite motif, TRIM)蛋白家族作为天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,参与病毒感染的免疫网络调控,其中,TRIM25已被证实在多种鱼类的免疫反应中发挥重要作用。本研究对鲤(Cyprinus carpio) trim25基因的16个拷贝进行了序列进化分析、共线性分析和功能域结构分析,并比较了各拷贝在组织中的表达和顺式调控位点的差异。序列比对和系统进化分析结果均显示,位于鲤11和12号染色上、结构完整的TRIM25的2个拷贝与金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的TRIM25蛋白结构高度相似,与鲤科鱼类以外的其他物种的结构差异较大。基因共线性结果显示,trim25基因上下游基因在不同物种的进化过程中相对保守。鲤TRIM25蛋白的结构分析显示,在鲤TRIM25的16个拷贝中,有6个拷贝具有完整功能结构域,其中,各有5个拷贝在鲤的肝与脑组织中高表达。在构建的表达数量性状基因座(eQTL)调控网络中,在肝和脑组织中分别筛选到5个和17个顺式调控trim25基因表达的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点。本研究对鲤trim25基因多个拷贝的序列差异进行了比较,并对鲤与其他物种TRIM25的序列、进化关系和共线性相似度进行了比较,揭示了鲤trim25各拷贝间的结构多样性和在组织中的表达情况,筛选出了可能调控trim25基因表达的SNP位点,为今后研究鲤TRIM25相关的调控和抗病研究提供了理论依据。     

玉米新品种鄂玉25生育特性及栽培技术

玉米新品种鄂玉25具有高产、稳产、优质、广适、抗病、抗倒等特性,已通过湖北省及国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,在湖北省二高山组品种区域试验、多点示范和武陵山区国家玉米品种生产试验(4省、市)中,增产极显著.在二高山、中、低山都适应种植,都比当地主推品种增产8%～20%.     

Expression of Cdc25a in cross-species hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its significance

AIM：To study the expression of cell division cycle 25a protein (Cdc25a) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues of different species, including human, rat and tree shrew, and to verify the feasibility of the strategy of cross-species oncogenomics screening. METHODS：Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of Cdc25a at mRNA and protein levels in the HCC tissues, corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues and normal liver tissues collected from humans, rats and tree shrews. RESULTS：The mRNA expression of Cdc25a in the HCC tissues of humans, rats and tree shrews was higher than that in normal liver tissues (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of Cdc25a in the HCC tissues of humans and rats were higher than those in the corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Cdc25a in the HCC tissues was significantly correlated with the portal vein tumor thrombus, the extrahepatic metastasis and the clinical stage, but was not correlated with the recurrence of tumor, the diameter of tumor, the number of tumor, the level of serum alpha-fetoprotein and the differentiation of tumor. The protein levels of Cdc25a in the HCC tissues of humans, rats and tree shrews were higher than those in the corresponding HCC-adjacent liver tissues and the normal liver tissues. CONCLUSION：Cdc25a may be a particularly crucial molecule for hepatocarcinogenesis. The cross-species oncogenomics screening may represent a feasible and convenient way for identifying key molecules of human HCC.     

ANSYS在模拟桩土接触中的应用

建立了一个桩土接触面体系的有限元模型，并对其计算理论进行分析；结合某大直径钻孔灌注桩工程实例，分析了桩土模型的荷载-沉降曲线及荷载的传递规律：通过与桩基静载试验数据对比，得出有限元模拟结果与实测值相近。分析结果对以后桩土模拟及设计有重要参考价值。     

几种农药对桑椹小粒性菌核病的防治效果试验

桑椹菌核病是果用桑树的重要病害,为高效、安全控制该病对桑果生产的危害,进行了大田农药防治筛选试验。结果表明,70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液、50%多菌灵-硫磺粉剂500倍液和1 000倍液对桑椹小粒性菌核病具有较好的防治效果,且对桑叶和桑椹无明显药害;70%甲基托布津粉剂1 000倍液、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 500倍和3 000倍液以及40%嘧霉胺粉剂1 000倍液也有一定的防治效果。     

250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂防治菊花白粉病田间药效试验

田间试验结果表明,在菊花白粉病发病初期开始施药,有效成分用量为175-250mg／kg的250g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂对菊花白粉病平均防效可达75％～79％,且对菊花和非靶标生物安全。     

β-甘露聚糖酶基因重组整合组成型表达载体的构建

应用PCR方法从P.pastorisGS115染色体中扩增了GAP启动子(PGAP),大小为500bp左右,以其取代诱导型表达载体pPIC9K上的AOX1启动子(PAOX1),构建了组成型表达载体pGAP;再从野生型酵母菌JSY4染色体中扩增出25S rDNA保守序列,大小为1 700bp左右,以其取代组成型表达pGAP上的组氨酸脱氢酶基因(H IS4)片断,构建了整合组成型表达载体pGAP-rDNA。再双酶切重组质粒pT002M anⅠ得编码β-甘露聚糖酶的ManⅠ基因片断插入pGAP-rDNA的多克隆位点(MCS),获得含有目的基因ManⅠ的重组整合组成型表达载体pGAP-rDNA-ManⅠ。CaC l2法转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α,对阳性克隆进行质粒PCR鉴定和单、双酶切鉴定。结果表明:成功构建了重组组成型表达载体pGAP-rDNA-ManⅠ,为下一步野生型酵母菌JSY4中β-甘露聚糖酶的组成型表达打下基础。