陆地棉CRK基因家族的鉴定及其表达分析

【目的】富含半胱氨酸类受体激酶（CRK）是植物中最大的类受体激酶家族之一,在植物生长发育、激素信号传导和抗逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。从全基因组水平鉴定陆地棉CRK基因家族并进行生物信息学和表达模式分析,为研究和利用陆地棉CRK基因家族奠定基础。【方法】从Pfam数据库下载stress-antifung结构域氨基酸序列,应用BLASTp程序搜索棉花基因组数据库,鉴定棉花CRK基因家族;利用Compute pI/Mw tool、SignalP、TMHMM Server V2.0、WoLF POSRT等在线工具预测陆地棉CRK家族蛋白的分子量、信号肽、跨膜结构域和亚细胞定位等;用ClustalX1.8软件对棉花和拟南芥CRK蛋白质进行氨基酸序列比对,MEGA5.0分析棉花和拟南芥CRK蛋白的系统进化关系;使用TBtools制作陆地棉CRK基因家族的染色体定位、基因结构和蛋白质结构域示意图;应用植物顺式调控元件数据库PlantCARE分析棉花启动子序列;通过植物磷酸化位点数据库PlantPhos预测陆地棉CRK家族蛋白的磷酸化位点;从NCBI数据库下载RNA-Seq数据,利用转录组定量工具Kallisto计算TPM值,通过在线工具Morpheus绘制陆地棉CRK家族基因表达热图。【结果】陆地棉基因组中有70个CRK基因,分布于14条染色体,其中52个基因（74.3%）集中串联成簇分布于A6/D6、A9/D9、A10/D10染色体,且在A/D染色体组之间呈现高度共线性关系。编码302-901个氨基酸,58个蛋白质（82.9%）具有跨膜结构域,主要定位于叶绿体、质膜和胞外。磷酸化位点预测结果表明,陆地棉和拟南芥CRK有5个相同的磷酸化位点基序,包括3种丝氨酸磷酸化位点基序和2种苏氨酸磷酸化位点基序。65个陆地棉CRK基因的启动子区（92.9%）至少含有一种逆境激素响应元件,69个基因启动子区（98.6%）至少含有一种生物或非生物胁迫响应元件。根据RNA-Seq数据分析结果,陆地棉CRK基因可分为3种不同的组织表达特征类型;盐、干旱、冷、热胁迫以及接种大丽轮枝菌均可以导致部分陆地棉CRK基因表达水平的改变。GhCRK25在根、茎、叶和胚珠中优势表达,在纤维中几乎不表达,ABA、GA3、SA、PEG-6000、氯化钠和大丽轮枝菌Vd991处理均能刺激GhCRK25迅速上调表达。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术（VIGS）沉默GhCRK25可导致棉花对大丽轮枝菌Vd991更为敏感。【结论】陆地棉CRK基因家族有70个成员,具有保守的基因结构和功能结构域,多样化的组织表达特征,大多数基因受激素和逆境调控。     

Scutellaria barbata flavonoids inhibits NFT aggregation and regulatory mechanism in rats induced by composited Aβ

AIM: To investigate the effects of Scutellaria barbata flavonoids (SBF) on neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation and the regulated mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and protein phosphatase (PP) 2A in the rats induced by amyloid β protein 25-35 (Aβ_25-35) in combination with AlCl₃ and recombinant human transforming growth factor (RHTGF)-β1(composited Aβ). METHODS: The male SD rats were used to establish the simulated Alzheimer disease (AD) model by intracerebroventricular injection of composited Aβ. The Morris water maze was applied for screening the successful model rats with learning and memory deficits. The successful model rats were daily and orally administrated with SBF at doses of 35, 70 and 140 mg/kg or positive control drug Ginkgo biloba leaves flavonoids (GLF) at 140 mg/kg for 37 d. The silver nitrate staining was used to determine the cortical NFT. The protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated protein of tau at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3β and PP2A in hippocampus and cortex were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expression of GSK3β and PP2A in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the cell number of positive NFT with silver nitrate staining in model rat cerebral cortex was significantly increased. The protein levels of phosphorylated tau protein at Ser199 and Ser214 sites, GSK3β in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the model rats dramatically elevated, and PP2A was marked decreased as compared with the sham group rats. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of GSK-3β significantly increased but PP2A was decreased. However, these above abnormalities were differently attenuated by treating with SBF at different doses or GLF at 140 mg/kg for 37 d. CONCLUSION: SBF suppresses the NFT aggregation by inhibition of the regulatory functions of GSK-3β and PP2A, thus reducing the phosphorylation of tau protein.     

流产布鲁氏菌omp25基因的克隆与原核表达

用设计的1对特异性引物对流产布鲁氏菌2型CVCC70502株总DNA进行外膜蛋白基因omp25的PCR扩增，得到了1条完整的基因，大小为642bp；测序分析证明，它与国外报道的流产布鲁氏菌omp25基因的核苷酸序列完全一致。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中，经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析，表明重组表达载体构建成功。将此重组质粒转化至宿主菌BL21（DE3）中，用IPTG进行诱导。结果证实，该基因可以在大肠杆菌中表达，表达产物为分子质量约50ku的融合蛋白，与理论推测的蛋白分子质量一致；Western—blotting试验证明，表达蛋白OMP25可被流产布鲁氏菌阳性血清所识别。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii GRA25 Gene

In this study,sequence variation of GRA25 genes among 22 Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) strains from different hosts and geographical locations were examined.The complete GRA25 genes from 22 T.gondii isolates were amplified,sequenced,and nucleotide variations were determined.Phylogenetic analysis among the different T.gondii isolates were conducted using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.The biological characteristics of the protein GRA25 of the T.gondii RH strain were predicted using bioinformatics software.The sequences of all the examined T.gondii strains were 939 or 948 bp in length.Sequence comparison of all 22 GRA25 sequences identified 82 variable nucleotide positions (0 to 4.4%).The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that strains belonging to the classical typeⅠand Ⅱ could not group into their own branches based on the GRA25 sequences.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the protein GRA25 contained 7 hydrophobicity regions,10 alpha regions,3 beta sheets,8 random coils and 8 linear B-cell epitopes.These results suggested that the GRA25 gene was not an ideal genetic marker for population genetic study of T.gondii strains,but it might represent a good vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.     

新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌OMP25基因的分子克隆及核苷酸序列的测定

根据GeneBank库上国际标准菌株绵羊种布鲁氏菌（63／290）的OMP25的基因序列设计引物，用聚合酶链式反应（PcR）技术从新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌（80／019）基因组DNA中扩增出OMP25基因片段，TtDNA连接酶将其连接于PBS-T克隆载体质粒上，将重组质粒转化到受体菌DH10B中，蓝白斑筛选阳性菌落，结果成功克隆OMP25基因片段，进行核苷酸序列测定，测序结果分析表明：新疆绵羊菌株与国际标准菌株有明显差异。     

羟基-D3的生理功能和机理研究

维生素D3及其活性代谢物25-羟基D3和1,25-羟基D3对畜禽营养具有很重要的意义。从它们的生理功能、代谢过程、作用机理和在畜禽养殖中的应用系统地进行了探讨。     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆代谢物及粪便菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血浆代谢物及粪便菌群的影响。选取18头健康、体重[(40.68±1.20)kg]相近的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为3个组,每组6头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,不添加25(OH)VD₃;试验组每头犊牛每天分别在基础饲粮中添加6000(低剂量组)和12000 IU(高剂量组)的25(OH)VD₃。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组体重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组体高显著提高(P<0.05),低剂量组和高剂量组粪便评分显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组干物质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组中性洗涤纤维(P=0.05)和钙表观消化率(P<0.05)显著提高。3)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组血浆25(OH)VD₃和钙含量显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组血浆磷含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组血浆白细胞介素-2含量显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组粪便中毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和普雷沃式菌科(Prevotellaceae)相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),粪便中鼠杆菌科(Muribaculaceae)、克里斯滕森菌科(Christensenellaceae)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)和未培养_细菌_o_柔膜菌纲_RF39(uncultured_bacterium_o_Mollicutes_RF39)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加25(OH)VD₃可以提高断奶前犊牛生长性能,促进营养物质消化吸收,降低炎症反应,改善粪便菌群,降低腹泻发生。     

胚蛋注射25-羟基胆钙化醇对樱桃谷雏鸭孵化性能、早期发育与血清生化指标的影响

为研究胚蛋注射25-OH-D₃对雏鸭孵化性能、1~7 d生长发育和血清生化指标的影响，本研究选取60周龄樱桃谷种鸭蛋200枚，随机分为5组，每组8个重复，每个重复5枚种蛋。在孵化第13.5天时，A组不做处理，B组注射0.2 mL 0.85%的生理盐水，C、D、E组分别注射相同体积不同浓度的25-OH-D₃溶液。出壳后，饲喂基础饲粮，试验期7 d，计算每组的出壳率，测定体重和血清生化指标。结果表明:1)与A组相比，试验C、D、E组雏鸭的孵化率分别显著提高了4.79%、5.54%和3.37%(P<0.05)。试验C、D、E组对7 d雏鸭的体重无显著影响(P>0.05)，试验D组3 d雏鸭的体重显著增加了13.19%，1 d雏鸭的体重显著提高了1.65%(P<0.05)。2)与A组相比，C、D、E组对雏鸭的胫骨发育无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与A组相比，试验C、D、E组显著提高了雏鸭血清中生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子I的水平(P<0.05)。试验D、E组雏鸭血清中25-羟基胆钙化醇的水平分别显著提高了56.16%和40.16%(P<0.05)。试验C组雏鸭血清中磷的水平提高了22.20%(P<0.05)。4)与A组比，C、D、E组显著降低了雏鸭血清中的LDL水平(P<0.05)。C组显著提高了雏鸭血清中ALB的含量(P<0.05)。D组显著提高了雏鸭血清中ALP的活性和GLU的水平(P<0.05)，E组显著降低了雏鸭血清中ALP和AST的活性(P<0.05)。C、D组显著提高了雏鸭血清中AST的活性(P<0.05)。综上，胚蛋注射25-OH-D₃可提高雏鸭的孵化率和免疫力，其最佳添加剂量为0.8 μg/枚，并促进早期发育，为后期发育提供更好的基础。这提示胚蛋注射25-OH-D₃有利于促进雏鸭胚胎发育，并对雏鸭机体健康发挥潜在的积极作用。