两系杂交稻绿敏S/L24在安徽霍山示范表现及高产栽培技术

绿敏S/L24是安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的两系杂交稻新组合,从产量、农艺性状、生育期、抗性及米质等方面阐述了绿敏S/L24的特征特性,并从播种、育秧、肥水管理及病虫害防治等方面总结了其高产栽培技术。     

外源24-表油菜素内酯对逆境胁迫下玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨不同胁迫对玉米种子生物化学特性的影响,采用不同浓度的24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)处理玉米种子,研究Na Cl和低温(15℃)胁迫下,外源EBR对玉米幼苗电解质外渗率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和各生长指标的影响。结果表明,在180 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl胁迫下,0.050 mg·L~(-1)EBR可以显著缓解Na Cl的胁迫伤害,使玉米种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著提高,盐害指数降低;幼苗株高、根长、植株鲜重、相对含水量、根冠比也显著提高;抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性相应增加,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也相应提高,MDA含量和相对电导率降低。低温(15℃)胁迫下,与正常温度(25℃)相比,0.001~1.000 mg·L~(-1)范围内,EBR对提高玉米株高、根长、单株干鲜重、发芽率均有促进作用,0.100 mg·L~(-1)作用效果最好,对提高发芽势有一定促进作用,但无明显的规律性。由此可知,一定浓度的EBR浸种能缓解盐和低温对玉米的胁迫损伤,其作用机制可能是EBR可以激活细胞合成自由基清除酶的能力,且酶类物质通过相互协调作用减轻胁迫伤害。本研究为玉米的抗逆性研究提供一定的理论依据。     

Normal vitamin D receptor function with increased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase in Corriedale sheep with inherited rickets

A likely inherited disease with gross and microscopic features of rickets has been recognised in Corriedale sheep in New Zealand, and a defect in end-organ responsiveness to vitamin D has been proposed as a likely mechanism. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mode of inheritance and determine the disease mechanism. Breeding trials showed that the mode of inheritance was autosomal recessive. Serum chemistry testing using different methodology and studies in cultured skin fibroblasts did not support our previous hypothesis of a defect in end-organ responsiveness. The studies revealed normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, normal vitamin D receptor function, and the presence of 24-hydroxylase mRNA in cells from affected sheep, even without induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. In addition, osteocalcin mRNA expression was similar in both affected and control sheep. It was concluded that increased expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃-24-hydroxylase, the enzyme that breaks down vitamin D, may be involved in the pathogenesis of inherited rickets in Corriedale sheep, but its role requires further clarification.     

24%烯草酮乳油防除甜菜田禾本科杂草效果

通过对不同浓度24%的烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的应用,用精稳杀得做对照,来试验烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的效果,以选择出适合甜菜生产所适用的除草剂及浓度。结果表明,不同浓度的烯草酮乳油防治甜菜杂草效果显著。     

24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响

【目的】探讨外源EBR（24-表油菜素内酯）对低氧胁迫下黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）根系的生长和抗氧化系统的影响。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以抗低氧能力较强的黄瓜品种绿霸春4号和抗低氧能力较弱的品种中农8号为材料,研究根际低氧胁迫下外源施用EBR对黄瓜根系生长、ROS及抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在低氧胁迫下,EBR处理显著促进了低氧胁迫下两品种黄瓜幼苗根系生长,提高了SOD、APX、GR活性及AsA、GSH含量,降低了O 、H2O2及MDA含量。【结论】外源EBR处理通过促进低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低ROS含量,增强植株抗低氧胁迫的能力。     

芥菜开花相关基因AGL24的表达及与SOC1、SVP和FLC蛋白的互作

为阐明芥菜（Brassica juncea Coss.）开花激活因子AGL24的表达特性及其在开花途径中与调节因子SOC1、SVP和FLC蛋白的互作机制,从‘青叶芥’中克隆了680 bp的AGL24基因,它编码221个氨基酸。序列分析表明：芥菜AGL24含有M、I、K和C域,分别有59、11、102和47个氨基酸,与油菜AGL24亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR分析发现：在低温春化途径和长日照光周期途径中,AGL24在叶片和茎尖中均有表达,营养生长期表达量较低,而生殖生长期表达量迅速增加;AGL24在光周期途径中的表达峰值要早于低温春化途径。酵母双杂交试验表明：全长AGL24与开花信号整合子SOC1蛋白能够互作,激活酵母报告基因AUR1-C、HIS3、ADE2和MEL1,在QDO/X-α-Gal/AbA平板培养基上长出蓝斑。另外,分别去掉M域后的截短体AGL24与SOC1也能相互作用。β–半乳糖苷酶活性检测发现：截短体杂交组合AGL24 × SOC1的互作强度显著高于全长杂交组合AGL24 × SOC1。然而全长AGL24或截短体AGL24 均不能与光周期途径核心抑制子SVP互作,也不与低温春化途径核心抑制因子FLC相互作用,说明AGL24并不是SVP或FLC的直接靶蛋白。     

SLC24A5基因影响脊椎动物色素沉积的研究进展

黑色素广泛分布于细菌、真菌、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的作用。人类浅色皮肤的色素沉积是由于黑色素细胞内黑色素小体数量、大小和密度的减少造成的,而黑色素小体变化也导致斑马鱼由灰色突变为金色,这个金色突变位点编码一个推定的阳离子交换体SLC24A5基因,该基因位于黑色素小体或其前体的细胞膜上。人类和斑马鱼在这个基因的序列及功能上有很高的同源性。该基因的多态性主要出现在非洲和东亚人身上。而等位基因固定在欧洲人的身上,这与局部杂和性大量减少和较浅的皮肤色素沉积有关,表明SLC24A5基因在人类色素沉积方面起关键作用。作者总结了SLC24A5基因与黑色素的研究进展,并简要介绍了乌骨绵羊的发现及其分子特征。     

Acetyl salicylic acid and 24-epibrassinolide enhance root activity and improve root morphological features in tomato plants under heat stress

High temperature has deleterious impacts on tomato growth and development and limits its production. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) have been widely reported as stress-ameliorating agents. The effect of exogenous application of varying levels of EBL (0.75, 1.5, and 3 µM) and ASA (0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 mM) on root activity (RA) in terms of 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction and root morphological features was evaluated in four-week-old tomato seedlings (cultivar: Mei Jie Lo) grown under high-temperature stress (46°C/4 h per day) for 21 days. The daily heat stress treatment almost ceased the root growth of chemically untreated seedlings. However, both EBL and ASA significantly attenuated the deleterious impacts of heat stress to different extents regarding root activity, total root length, surface area, volume, and number of nodes and connections. Different concentrations demonstrated signature effects. EBL (3 µM) was over all the best treatment to improve root activity whereas ASA (0.25 mM) best enhanced root architecture (net length, volume, and area) as compared to the untreated heat-stressed controls. However, EBL (3 µM) and ASA (1.25 mM) slightly inhibited mean root diameter. It is concluded that under high-temperature conditions, the exogenous EBL and ASA in studied doses improve root morphological features and root activity, hence enhance heat stress tolerance. Both chemical agents can be potential candidates in practical agriculture for extension of tomato growth period in summer by virtue of their heat stress amelioration ability.     

TcLr24小麦STK类抗病基因同源片段的分离和特征分析

利用根据STK类植物抗病基因类似序列保守结构设计的引物,对TcLr24小麦叶片cDNA进行扩增,通过RT-PCR扩增得到STK类抗病基因同源片段长度811bp,开放阅读框长804bp,编码268个通读的氨基酸序列,大小29.6kDa,理论等电点6.14,该氨基酸序列与多个小麦和燕麦蛋白激酶序列高度同源,含有激酶特征结构疏水信号序列及胞外结构域。