农业航空喷雾雾滴漂移及其数学分析

通过田间试验研究,探索了装配GP—81喷头的运五型飞机喷洒2,4—D丁酯乳油稀释液的雾滴漂移状况,建立了有关数学模型。研究表明,较低蒸发度的水雾滴漂移距离为340m,较高挥发度的2,4—D丁酯漂移距离达700m;雾滴密度和沉降量随下风距离增加而减小较快,雾滴直径减小较慢;气象因子和喷液配方对雾滴漂移有重要影响;三次多项式方程Y=b_0 b_1X b_2X~2 b_3X~3能很好地描述雾滴漂移与下风距离的关系,模型中的参数具有明确的实际意义,提出了喷洒2,4—D丁酯时的有效隔离带宽度。     

High frequency plantlet regeneration from callus and artificial seed production of rock plant Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. (Poaceae)

Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. is a rock plant with good potential for vegetative recovery on naked lands. A high frequency in vitro regeneration system was developed for P. paniceum. Calli were induced from explants of mature seeds, seedlings, young leaves, and stem segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2.0 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). High induction rates (59.57%) and regeneration rates (100%) were obtained from mature seed explants; calli were sub-cultured for over 2 years and still retained a high regenerative capacity. One seed explant resulted in 69,997 plants in 1 year. Shoot buds derived from calli were used for encapsulation in liquid MS medium containing 3% sucrose and two different alginate matrices (3% sodium alginate (w/v) + MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 3% sodium alginate + 1% activated carbon (w/v) + MS medium containing 3% sucrose) with a 20-min exposure to 2% CaCl₂ and 0.3% bavistin (w/v). The capsule with 3.0% sodium alginate (w/v) and 1% activated carbon (w/v) showed a higher conversion rate (61.58%) and stronger plantlets under non-aseptic conditions. These systems are useful for the rapid clonal propagation and dissemination of artificial seed material of P. paniceum for eco-recovery.     

棉花药害的原因分析及对策

调查分析了棉花药害的症状和产生原因 ,提出了药害预防及补救措施 ,对保证棉花安全生产具有重要指导意义。     

关于使用 Pro/Engineer wildfire软件设计三维机械零件的几点技巧在教学中的探讨

本文对使用Pro/Engineer Wildfire 软件设计三维机械零件在教学中遇到的若干问题作了深入细致的分析,并提出了相应的解决技巧.     

焊接机器人三维防碰撞力传感器的设计

设计了一种三维防碰撞力传感器,其可利用一个输入实现x、y、z三个方向的碰撞力测试,用在6-D.O.F串联焊接机器人末端时,既可以实现对机器人本身的保护,也可以安装在其他设备的末端执行器上实现对设备的保护.     

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) occurring in Korean coastal waters

ABSTRACT:   Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by Alexandrium isolates from Korea were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromography. Species designation of the regional isolates was determined by morphological criteria and ribotyping inferred from sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region. Toxin analysis performed at the exponential growth phase, revealed that the two strains of A. fraterculus were non-toxic, while the strains of A. tamarense and A. catenella were toxic. Toxic isolates DPC7 and DPC8 of A. catenella produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dcGTX2, 3, C1, 2, neoSTX and STX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3 and C4, while isolates UL7, KDW981, SJW97043, SJW97046, KJC97111 and KJC97112 of A. tamarense produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, dcGTX3, C1, 2, neoSTX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3, 4, dcSTX and STX, and no GTX5 and dcGTX2. The major toxins produced by A. catenella were C1 +2, and those of A. tamarense were C1 +2 and GTX4 in most of the isolates. A. tamarense strains other than SJW97046 produced a relatively high proportion of carbamate toxins, reflecting the high toxicity scores of shellfish intoxication in sampled coastal areas. Two representative toxic isolates, A. tamarense SJW97043 and A. catenella DPC7, were cultured for 30 days in batch mode and subjected to toxin analysis at 5-day intervals. Comparison of toxin productivity in terms of total toxin content, toxin components, and their variations with culture age revealed marked differences between the two strains.     

可变边界条件下的Venlo温室温度场三维非稳态模拟

以外界温度、太阳辐射、风速风向作为随时间变化的边界条件,基于CFD方法建立了Venlo温室自然通风三维非稳态数学模型。结果显示,模拟值与实测值均方根误差RMSE为0.688℃,最大相对误差为8.9%,平均相对误差为2.8%,所建立CFD模型可以准确地描述室内温度场的时空变化。从整个模拟周期上看,温室内温度和室外温度变化趋势一致,室内温度和室外温度平均温差3.09℃;当室外风速从0.81 m/s跃变至1.2 m/s,风向由西南偏南变为西时,温室西侧迎风口局部气流速度出现了先增大后减小的变化模式,温室东侧上部气流速度明显增加,除温室迎风口附近区域外大部分作物区域气流速度维持在0~0.1 m/s的范围内,温室通风入口处x=1.5 m截面和作物冠层y=1.4 m截面平均温度在180 s内分别下降了1.87℃和0.92℃,室外风速风向对温室自然通风降温效果影响显著。     

A novel mannose-binding lectin from plasma of Labeo rohita

A new mannose-binding lectin was purified from plasma of freshwater fish, rohu (Labeo rohita) by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The hemagglutinating activity is strong for neuraminidase-treated rabbit erythrocytes. Mannose, glucose and their derivatives inhibit hemagglutination. The apparent molecular weight was determined to be 210 kDa in native PAGE. Analysed on SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions, the protein migrated as a single band of mol.wt. 40,000. The lectin is acidic in nature showing a pI of 4.5. It is a glycoprotein containing complex glycan part as indicated by carbohydrate analysis using high-pressure anion exchange chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector. The N-terminal sequence (WLNGIGTQIPMKITT) shows no significant homology with known proteins. It appears to be a C-type lectin as Ca²⁺ is essential for carbohydrate-binding activity. Methyl -α- D-mannopyranoside was found to be the most potent inhibitor among the monosaccharides and disaccharides tested. Purified lectin was found to induce intracellular superoxide production following opsonization of E. coli by its own macrophages. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合外源活性物质对小白菜除草剂毒害的缓解效应

以小白菜(Brassica rapa chinensis)为材料,研究了复合外源活性物质对两种除草剂(草甘膦和2,4-D)药害的缓解效果.结果表明,草甘膦和2,4-D胁迫后,小白菜叶片分别出现黄斑或卷叶现象,产量也有不同程度降低;而施用复合外源活性物质后其药害症状得到不同程度缓解,且二者均以稀释800倍液处理(WY800)的效果最佳,谷胱甘肽含量和抗氧化酶活性也均有不同程度提高.该结果说明该复合外源活性物质可一定程度缓解草甘膦和2,4-D在小白菜上产生的药害.     

不同频率洪水遭遇下溃坝洪水演进的二维模拟

【目的】建立适合黑河下游地区的溃坝洪水演进的二维数学模型,为该水库的安全运行和调洪决策提供参考。【方法】根据天然河道复杂而不规则的地形特点,以及溃坝洪水的传播和运动特性,建立适合黑河下游地区高程跨度很大的溃坝洪水演进的二维数学模型;利用非结构化三角形网格,采用单元中心的有限体积法求解控制溃坝水流运动的二维方程;应用所建模型,对黑河金盆水库10 000年一遇入库洪水漫顶所致溃坝洪水(即工况1)进行数值模拟,分析不同时刻的水深分布图、流速矢量图以及淹没范围的变化过程;在此基础上,探讨100年一遇入库洪水延时遭遇10 000年一遇入库洪水工况(即工况2)下溃坝洪水的演进变化过程,分析该工况下淹没水深的变化范围。【结果】工况1、工况2下大坝溃决时间分别为该工况模拟初始时间后的15.6,37.5h,工况1、工况2下5个沿程观测点的最大淹没水深分别为3.10~6.18m和3.66~6.91m,最大流速分别为2.28~8.68m/s和2.46~9.40m/s。【结论】所建立的溃坝洪水二维模型可以模拟流域不同时刻的水深及流速分布,计算结果具体到点,为洪水风险分析和灾害损失评估提供了依据。