人源H3N2亚型猪流感重组病毒的分离鉴定及全基因序列分析

本研究由疑似猪流感病料样品中分离一株病毒,通过HA、HI、电镜观察、生物学特性测定及全基因序列测定表明,分离病毒株为H3N2亚型人流感病毒和H1N1亚型古典猪流感病毒(SIV)的重组体,命名为A/Swine/Fujian/F2/07(H3N2).该分离株含有8个基因片段,共13 442 bp,与GenBank中登录的H3N2亚型人流感病毒、H1N1亚型古典SIV和H3N2亚型SIV进行比较分析显示:分离株的HA、NS、NA基因与H3N2亚型人流感病毒株的同源性分别为84.7 ％～98.1％、94.4 ％～99.5％和88.6 ％～97.6％;与H3N2亚型SIV的核苷酸同源性分别为87.7％～98.5％、82.5 ％～99.9％和87.6 ％～98.4％;M基因与H3N2亚型人流感病毒和SIV的同源性均在90.1％以下,而与H1N1亚型古典SIV的同源性在97.6％以上.基因型分析表明分离株的PB2、PBI、PA、HA、NP、NA和NS基因片段来源于1975年～1982年的人流感病毒,而M基因来源于H1N1亚型古典SIV,充分证明猪作为流感病毒“混合器”的作用.     

绵羊Musclin基因真核表达载体的构建及其对肌细胞糖代谢和胰岛素作用的影响

为了研究绵羊Musclin对糖代谢和胰岛素作用的影响,本试验运用生物信息学软件对其结构特征进行预测,并构建绵羊Musclin基因真核表达载体.分4组对绵羊胎儿成肌细胞进行处理:空载体组(pcDNA3.1)、Musc-lin 过表达组(pcDNA3.1-Musclin)、空载体+胰岛素组(pcDNA3.1+Insulin...     

High Throughput Sequencing to Study the Effect of Chronic Renal Failure on the Diversity and Gene Function Prediction of Gut Microbiota in Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic renal failure(CRF) on the gut microbiota diversity and predict the gene function of the flora. A total of 30 2-year-old dogs were selected and randomly divided into the chronic renal failure model group (CRF, established by renal artery ligation), sham operation control group (Sham) and healthy control group (HCG). All animals were fed normally during the 56 days of test period. The serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein / creatinine ratio (UP/C) were detected regularly during the experiment. The effects of chronic renal failure on the structure, diversity and function of gut microbiota were analyzed according to the result of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing from fresh feces collected without contamination. The flora markers index (FMI) was constructed based on the principal component Logistic regression analysis of different microbiota in CRF group to predict the development of chronic renal failure. The results showed that: 1) The levels of Scr, BUN and UP/C in CRF group from the start of the 28th day of the experiment were significantly higher than those of HCG group and Sham group (P<0.05), and significantly higher than that of the first day of CRF group (P<0.05). 2) Compared with those before chronic renal failure (CRF group at day 0 and 28), HCG group and Sham group, the Chao 1 diversity and Shannon diversity of gut microbiota in CRF group at day 56 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria significantly increased and the number of Firmicutes significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) LEfSe analysis showed that 20 species were enriched in CRF group, mainly including Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Proteus and so on, and most of them had negative correlation with other intestinal bacteria. Functional prediction revealed that genes of those different species were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, sugar biosynthesis and metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism in CRF group. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the FMI constructed with those species enriched was 0.788, which could be used as the intestinal microbial marker for CRF in dogs. In summary, chronic renal failure can reduce the diversity of intestinal microbiota, lead to the imbalance of bacterial structure and change of bacterial function. Moreover, the enriched gut microbiota in CRF group can be used as the intestinal microbial marker of CRF in dogs, and the best prediction effect can be obtained by FMI.     

不定根发生机理的研究进展

不定根的发生是一个复杂的过程,许多因子在这个过程中起调控作用。文章介绍了国内外关于基因表达、内源激素水平、酶的活性以及多胺水平影响不定根发生机理的研究进展。     

桔小实蝇丝氨酸蛋白酶基因（BdorSer）的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆桔小实蝇丝氨酸蛋白酶基因（Bactrocera dorsalis serine protease,BdorSer）,研究BdorSer在不同组织和不同发育时期的表达情况,探索其可能参与的生理过程。【方法】采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术克隆BdorSer,对其编码蛋白氨基酸序列信息和进化关系进行分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法,研究BdorSer mRNA在桔小实蝇不同组织及不同发育时期的相对表达量。【结果】克隆获得了BdorSer,该基因ORF全长1 239 bp。氨基酸序列一致性分析表明,BdorSer与拟暗果蝇（Drosophila pseudoobscura）丝氨酸蛋白酶（登录号XP_001352960）氨基酸序列的一致性最高,为65.8%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,BdorSer mRNA在桔小实蝇雌雄虫的不同组织中都有表达,且在触角中的表达量最高,分别是雌虫胸部的43.6和26.8倍。BdorSer mRNA在生殖节中表现出较大的性别差异表达特征,雄虫生殖节中的mRNA表达量是雌虫的18.25倍。BdorSer mRNA几乎在昆虫发育的各个时期都有表达,其中在卵及1,2,3龄幼虫中的表达量分别是10 d 蛹的 0.68,1.63,4.31和15.8倍。BdorSer mRNA随蛹的发育其表达量逐渐减低,1,4,7 d蛹中的表达量分别是10 d蛹的325,125和41倍。【结论】克隆获得了BdorSer,其表达的BdorSer蛋白可能在雄虫的生殖生理中发挥了作用,同时也可能参与了桔小实蝇的变态发育过程,尤其是1 d蛹的发育过程。     

台湾线虫草单次生子囊孢子菌株交配型基因的初步研究

首次对台湾线虫草无性型—黄山被毛孢菌株的交配型基因进行了较为系统的研究.采用稀释涂布平板法和显微定位法获得台湾线虫草的单次生子囊孢子,并对单次生子囊孢子菌株的交配型基因进行PCR扩增和子实体人工诱导实验.结果表明,在34株单次生子囊孢子菌株中,14个菌株含有MAT1-1基因,4个菌株含有MAT1-2基因,其余16个菌株同时含有MAT1-1和MAT1-2基因;人工诱导子实体的结果显示,含有2种交配型基因的菌株可以生长出更多的子实体.提示台湾线虫草的交配类型可能为同宗配合.     

鄂西南地区2012-2014年稻瘟病菌致病性变化分析

为研究鄂西南地区稻瘟病病菌的致病型,将2012-2014年采自鄂西南地区感病水稻并分离保存的136个菌株分别接种到7个中国鉴别品种和15个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因系品种上,以中国鉴别品种中的丽江新团黑谷为感病对照,基于7个中国鉴别品种的鉴定结果表明:136个菌株中有121个具有致病性,分属于ZA、ZB、ZC、ZE、ZF、ZG共6群11个生理小种,ZB为优势种群,但ZC频率逐年升高,到2014年与ZB势均力敌;ZB13为第一优势生理小种,ZC15和ZB15所占比例逐年升高.15个水稻抗稻瘟病菌单基因系的鉴定结果将121个菌株分为77个致病型,且不同年份分离的菌株致病力差异较大.90%以上菌株对含有Pib、Pit和Pi11抗病基因的水稻单基因系有致病力,而对含有Pi9和Pikh抗病基因的水稻单基因系的致病力较弱,不到10%.此结果可以为育种工作者及当地农业部门的品种布局提供参考.     

刚果12号桉人工林下土壤微生物与土壤养分研究初报

以海南省儋州林场刚果12号桉(Eucalyptus ABL12)人工林土壤为对象,研究了刚果12号桉人工林地土壤微生物类群的分布规律及土壤养分的变化。结果表明:在土壤剖面上,土壤微生物具有一定的垂直变化,并随着土层深度的增加而减少,主要集中在0～20 cm的土层中;土壤微生物3大类菌中,细菌所占比例最大,其次为放线菌、真菌;土壤微生物数量还具有一定的季节变化,最大值一般出现在9、10月份;各样地中土壤微生物类群及土壤养分总体表现为:桉-豆科牧草>桉-禾本科牧草>纯桉林,且土壤微生物类群与土壤养分之间存在一定的相关性。本研究结果也表明,经过桉树-牧草间种后,桉树人工林土壤的微生物性质得到了很大改善。     

北京地区枣疯病植原体16SrDNA基因序列分析

利用植原体16S rDNA基因保守序列通用引物R16F2n/R16R2对北京昌平区西峰山村小枣患病植株总DNA进行PCR扩增,结果得到约1.2 kb的特异性DNA片段.对克隆扩增获得DNA片段测序,结果表明,北京昌平地区枣疯病植原体16S rDNA基因片段长1248 bp,与韩国枣疯病植原体同源性最高,为99.51%.序列同源性比较的结果表明克隆到的植原体归属于榆树黄化组16SrV-C亚组.