甲氧苄氨嘧啶在黏土矿物上的吸附解吸机理

以高岭土和蒙脱土为吸附剂,选用Na⁺和L-赖氨酸（Lys）作为共存组分,通过批实验探究了不同赋存形态的甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMP）在黏土矿物上的吸附/解吸特征。结果表明：TMP在高岭土和蒙脱土上的吸附均在24 h内达到平衡。蒙脱土对TMP的吸附动力学特征会受到溶液中H⁺竞争吸附与TMP赋存形态的影响,在pH较低时（如pH=3.0时）尤为明显。TMP在黏土矿物上的主要吸附机理为阳离子交换、静电吸引和分子间力,吸附分配系数受TMP⁺/TMP⁰比例和作用力强度两方面影响。在实验条件下（TMP初始浓度为1 mg?L^-1,溶液pH为6）,由于两种黏土矿物的pH缓冲能力和表面带电性不同,Na⁺和Lys⁺共存抑制了TMP在高岭土上的吸附,但促进了其在蒙脱土上的吸附。在解吸实验中,TMP⁺和TMP⁰分别为TMP在高岭土和蒙脱土溶液中的主要存在形态,由于阳离子交换作用和静电吸引的结合强度要远强于分子间力,TMP在蒙脱土上的解吸率约为高岭土的4~5倍。     

Preliminary Study on Element Leaching and Current Soil-Forming Process of Red Soils

The leaching characteristics and the element concentration in soil solution of red soils derived from sandstone,granite,Quaternary red clay and basalt have been studied in the Red Earth Ecological Experimental Station,Academia Sinica,using 12 lysimeters.Results obtained show that the element leaching process of red soils occurs mainly from January to the beginning of July annually.The elements with higher concentration in leaching solution of red soils are Si,Ca,Na,K,Mg,and N.The desilication and the leaching process of base cations occur simultaneously in the red soils.Using the first order differential equation and measured parameters of Si leaching,the leaching models of Si for red soils derived from different parent materials are constructed.The leaching process of Si is simulated with the models.Both the absolute and relative ages of red soils derived from different parent materials are discussed based on the simulation result.On the basis of element leaching,composition of soil solution and thermodynamics,the current soil-forming process is discussed.According to the phase diagram,the kaolinization is prevailing in the current formation of different red soils.     

壳聚糖絮凝处理高岭土精选废水研究

[目的]研究壳聚糖对高岭土精选废水的絮凝性能。[方法]采用烧杯混凝试验对高岭土精选废水进行絮凝处理,分别探讨废水的pH值和壳聚糖的投加量对废水中悬浮物去除效率的影响,同时测定其絮凝胶体颗粒的ζ电位。[结果]壳聚糖对高岭土精选废水中的悬浮物具有很强的絮凝效能。在pH值为4．0～7．0及壳聚糖投加量为8．0mg／L的条件下,悬浮物的去除率大于96％。颗粒￡电位测定结果表明,电性中和、吸附架桥是壳聚糖絮凝的主要作用机理。[结论]该研究为壳聚糖在高岭土精选废水絮凝处理中的应用提供了科学依据。     

高岭土超细分子筛复合光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝的研究

先以高岭土为主要原料制备了超细分子筛,接着负载过渡金属,最终制成高岭土超细分子筛复合光催化剂.用这种复合光催化剂光催化氧化降解亚甲基蓝模拟纺织染整工业废水,并进行六因素五水平的正交试验.结果表明,在模拟废水中最佳条件为:过氧化氢2 000 mg/L,超细分子筛复合光催化剂为500 mg/L,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为80 mg/L,光源为20 W紫外线消毒灯,pH10.00,反应240 min,亚甲基蓝的色度由3 200降到20以下,去除率达99.46%.     

7个造林树种在广东龙门高岭土石漠化山地的早期生长及其土壤肥力研究

应用生长调查和土壤分析法,比较研究了7个造林树种在广东龙门县高岭土石漠化山地的早期生长及其根区土肥力。结果表明:(1)湿地松(Pinus elliottii)和枫香(Liquidambar formosana)存活率高、生长快、长势好;樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、赤杨叶(Alniphyllum fortunei)和木荷(Schima superba)存活率较高、生长中等;浙江润楠(Machilus chekiangensis)和山乌桕(Triadica cochinchinensis)存活率较低、生长较慢。(2)造林树种根区的土壤肥力显著高于非根区,但不同树种间的差异较大。以樟树根区的土壤肥力最高,浙江润楠和山乌桕的土壤肥力最低。湿地松、枫香、木荷和樟树适于在广东省高岭土石漠化山地植被恢复中应用。     

泥塑山水盆景的制作

山水盆景被称为立体的山水画，移山缩水，小中见大，其意境深远，给以“盆中有景，景中有画”的艺术感染一般情况下，都是选用石料来制作，有的时候，由于石料不足，或是更能近山水画的意境，利用高岭土取代石制作山水盆景将是一种很好的办法。且，高岭土具有粘性强，易造型，吸水强，易种植植物等特点。其制作方法下：一、晒土拌料选取高岭土纯度比较高的地方土，以白磁泥为最好，然后将其打细于太阳下暴晒，晒干后拌入少量的碱，用水拌匀，和成泥团。二、立意雕刻制作山水盆景，首先要进行艺术思，同画家作画一样，要“搜尽奇峰打稿”，谓…     

腐殖酸?高岭土?铜在多孔介质中的迁移及相互作用

[目的]控制重金属在地下水深处污染。[方法]采用静态吸附试验和动态模拟试验比较了腐殖酸和高岭土对铜的吸附及其在多孔介质中的迁移。[结果]铜的存在抑制了高岭土在多孔介质中的迁移,高岭土胶体在多孔介质中沉积量增大,导致高岭土对铜的迁移促进作用不明显,腐殖酸降低了胶体沉积的同时促进了铜的迁移,在动态迁移过程中腐殖酸和高岭土对铜产生了竞争吸附,同时高岭土占据了腐殖酸在石英砂上的吸附点位,促进了腐殖酸的迁移。[结论]减少地下水中腐殖酸含量可以降低重金属在地下水深处的富集。     

2种絮凝剂对水华蓝藻的去除能力

通过紫外分光光度计测定法研究常用无毒絮凝剂高岭土、海泡石绒对蓝藻水华的絮凝能力.试验结果表明,海泡石绒和高岭土对蓝藻的沉降速率有差异,在1 min内海泡石绒对蓝藻的沉降率就达到98%,而高岭土在沉降5 h后对蓝藻的沉降率才达到95%;海泡石绒和高岭土对不同直径的蓝藻团粒沉降能力的趋势较一致,相同投放量下,海泡石绒和高岭土对直径大于30 μm的蓝藻团粒沉降率均超过90%,而对于直径小于30 μm的蓝藻团粒, 海泡石绒在8 g投放量时沉降率只达到78%,高岭土在8 g投放量时沉降率可超过95%.因此,在沉降时间上海泡石绒远快于高岭土;对直径大于30 μm的蓝藻团粒,二者在沉降能力上区别不大;对于直径小于30 μm的蓝藻团粒,高岭土的沉降能力大于海泡石绒.     

高岭土叶面遮光剂处理的7个地中海红色葡萄品种的浆果、果皮、果肉和种子的植物化学成分变化和抗氧化活性

据《Scientia Horticulturae》的一篇研究报道(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109962),来自葡萄牙特拉斯奥斯蒙特斯大学农业环境与生物科学研究技术中心(CITAB)的研究人员研究了高岭土叶面遮光剂处理的7个地中海红色葡萄品种的浆果、果皮、果肉和种子的植物化学成分变化和抗氧化活性。     

根瘤菌存在下土壤胶体和矿物对镉的吸附

Experiments were conducted to study the adsorption of Cd on two soil collids(red soil and yellowbrown soil) and three variable-charge minerals (goethite,noncrystalline Fe oxide and kaolin) in the absence and presence of rhizobia.The tested strain Rhizobium fredii C6,tolerant to 0.8 mmol L^-1 Cd,was selected from 30 rhizobial strains.Results showed that the isotherms for the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals in the presence of rhizobia could be described by Langmuir equation.Within the range of the numbers of rhizobial cells studied,the amount of Cd adsorbed by each system increased with increasing rhizobial cells,Greater increases for the adsorption of Cd were found in red soil and kaolin systems.Rhizobia influence on the adsorption of Cd by examined soil colloids and minerals was different from that on the adsorption of Cu.The presence of rhizobia increased the adsorption affinity of soil colloids and minerals for Cd,particularly for the goethite and kaolin systems.The discrepancies in the influence of rhizobia on the adsorbability and affinity of selected soil colloids and minerals for Cd suggesed the different interactions of rhizobia with various soil components.It is assumed that bacterial biomass plays an important role in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in soils with kaolinite and goethite as the major colloidal compnents,such as in variable-charge soil.