小叶章干草占奶牛日粮粗饲料不同比例时其粗蛋白瘤胃降解率的研究

小叶章，又名苫房草，是一种喜生于湿性草地的禾本科牧草，主要分布于我国东北地区，因其适口性好、营养价值高而闻名全国，尤其在黑龙江省三江平原地区是独具特色的优质牧草资源。但由于地处低湿地、机械操作性差，小叶章草地合理开发利用没有引起足够重视，牧草收获时间和饲用方式随意性较大。     

酵母对奶牛泌乳性能及健康状况影响的研究

选用荷斯坦泌乳母牛40头,采用随机分组设计分为2组,进行为期70d的饲养试验,研究益生酵母对乳牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标、瘤胃降解率及瘤胃发酵产物的影响。结果表明:添加益生酵母可以明显增加乳牛干物质采食量,缓减体重下降,增加日标准奶产量2.25kg/头(P<0.05),乳脂率增加0.3%,提高了9.62%(P<0.05);血清总蛋白、甘油三酯浓度均升高,血清尿素氮下降;玉米秸的瘤胃干物质、NDF、ADF降解率在24h内均提高,牛乳体细胞数极显著下降(P<0.01)。     

草皮卷生产与草坪建植试验

经采用地膜为垫底材料和坪床土量的限制作坪床培育草皮卷,根的生长量对比增加1.54倍,15 d左右根穿透床土,20 d后根完全成网状,形成有较强弹性、韧性、易运输的草皮卷;草皮卷生产有利控制杂草滋生,播种后29 d左右可形成草皮卷,建植后12 d根伸展生长良好,形成成活草坪.试验期为10～11月,效果好,可见(西昌)亚热带暖温区进行草皮卷生产甚有潜力.此试验存在植株分蘖推迟受限、叶色变浅等问题,涉及草皮卷生产坪床肥力的配制有待进一步研究.     

拮抗草坪蘑菇圈生防菌剂的关键发酵工艺及优化

为获得草坪蘑菇圈病原菌拮抗生防菌剂的优化参数,本研究以拮抗蘑菇圈病原-肉褐麟小伞菌(Lepiota brunneo-incarnata)的黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)CP01为目的菌,对其分别进行液、固态发酵条件的优化。通过单因素试验优化发酵时间、培养温度、培养基类型及初始pH等条件,对最佳液态发酵条件进行筛选;并通过单因素试验优化培养物料、外源养分、发酵时间和温度等条件,对最佳固态发酵条件进行筛选。结果表明:液体发酵条件下,马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)中菌丝体干重含量最高,而在青秸秆粉浸提液培养基(CSE)中有效菌数最高,且该发酵液对蘑菇圈病原的抑菌效果最佳,培养基最适初始pH为5、最佳发酵条件为30℃、5d;在固态发酵条件下,最适发酵培养物料为经浸提法去营养化的青秸秆粉,外源添加养分为料水比1∶50的青秸秆粉浸提液,最适发酵条件为33℃、9d。以上优化参数为草坪蘑菇圈生防菌剂的研发奠定了基础。     

不同成熟阶段及品种对全株小麦营养成分和瘤胃降解特性的影响北大核心CSCD

本研究旨在通过研究不同成熟阶段及品种对全株小麦营养成分和瘤胃降解特性的影响,为全株小麦应用于奶牛饲粮提供数据参考。试验采用山农22026(SN22026)和山农82567(SN82567)2个品种的小麦,样品采集期为2015年3月下旬至6月中旬。试验测定了不同成熟阶段全株小麦干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、淀粉、粗灰分、有机物、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量及饲料相对饲喂价值,并用3头体重约500 kg的装有瘤胃瘘管荷斯坦奶牛测定了小麦瘤胃降解率。结果表明:1)蜡熟期全株小麦的DM含量显著高于其他各期(P<0.05);全株小麦的CP含量在成熟过程中逐渐减少,开花期后CP含量保持稳定;随着小麦的成熟,全株小麦的NDF、ADF和ADL含量呈先增加后减少的趋势。2)全株小麦单位DM的总能在成熟过程中呈下降趋势,泌乳净能呈先下降后增加的趋势。3)全株小麦DM、CP和NDF的有效降解率在拔节期最高,抽穗期和开花期显著降低(P<0.05),乳熟期和蜡熟期又显著升高(P<0.05)。4)全株小麦的瘤胃降解蛋白质(RDP)含量在拔节期最高,显著高于其他各期(P<0.05);抽穗期显著降低(P<0.05),开花期降至最低(P<0.05),开花期后逐渐升高(P>0.10);而瘤胃非降解蛋白质含量在小麦成熟过程中逐渐下降,蜡熟期最低,显著低于其他各期(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验2个品系全株小麦相比,仅在几个指标中有显著差异。每个成熟阶段的全株小麦饲养价值都很高,但不同成熟阶段全株小麦的营养价值、产量和瘤胃降解特性存在显著的差异。     

浅谈农田机械残膜回收的现状及思考

本文阐述了新疆阿勒泰地区地膜回收机的发展现状,针对几种不同类型地膜回收机的结构、性能和特点进行了分析介绍,指出了目前机械残膜回收所存在的问题,提出农田机械残膜回收治理采取的措施。     

Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat

The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio（2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3）were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7（P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups（P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage（cassava stems and leaves）ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice.     

西吉县农用地膜应用污染现状及对策

本文就西吉县农用地膜的应用现状和污染现状进行了分析,并就这一现状提出了促进旱作农业可持续发展的对策措施。     

地膜玉米增产效应及抓好覆膜栽培的几项关键措施

我区处于高寒地区,无霜期短,春寒、春旱,这种不良的条件,往往会使玉米生长后期,因贪青晚熟而减产。近年来,由于地膜覆盖技术,在玉米生产上的广泛应用,收到增产增收的效益。     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.