酸雨胁迫下镧对水稻种子萌发及呼吸作用的影响

采用胁迫强度为pH 2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0的模拟酸雨和具显效剂量的稀土镧[La(Ⅲ)]复合处理水稻种子,置于常温下萌发,测定镧对不同酸雨胁迫强度下种子萌发和呼吸指标的影响.结果表明,1.0 mg/L的La(Ⅲ)溶液浸种对水稻种子萌发有稳定促进作用,被确定为显效剂量.在高强度酸雨(pH 2.0～2.5)胁迫下,水稻种子的各项萌发指标均为0,低强度酸雨(pH 3.0～5.0)对种子萌发影响较小,当胁强为pH 2.0时,La(Ⅲ)浸种无明显效果,胁强为pH 2.5时,La(Ⅲ)浸种能促进部分水稻种子萌发,胁强为pH 4.0时,La(Ⅲ)浸种处理的各项萌发指标接近或超过对照,促进作用较明显.进一步测定La(Ⅲ)对特定剂量酸雨胁迫下呼吸作用的影响表明,经La(Ⅲ)浸种后种子呼吸速率显著增强,呼吸商更接近1.由此可见,La(Ⅲ)对种子萌发的促进作用可能与La(Ⅲ)浸种能提高种子呼吸速率,增加糖类呼吸基质等有关.     

硝酸镧处理对短穗鱼尾葵幼苗耐寒性的影响

为探明硝酸镧对短穗鱼尾葵(Caryotamitis)耐寒生理指标的影响,用4个不同浓度的硝酸镧溶液(0、100、350、500mg/L)喷施盆栽短穗鱼尾葵叶片,经变温处理后检测各项耐寒指标。结果表明,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素的含量表现出明显的浓度效应,而且25℃恢复后幼苗叶片的各项耐寒指标的模糊隶属函数值分别为0.41、0.46、0.70、0.50,其中350mg/L硝酸镧溶液处理对提高短穗鱼尾葵幼苗的耐寒性具有显著的效应。     

镧对巴西虫草生长的影响

冬虫夏草是一种名贵的滋补品,虫草中含有的多糖、虫草酸、虫草素及各类氨基酸等具有扩张气管、镇静、抗各类细菌、降血压的功效。1988年,广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所的研究人员在广东某自然保护区采集到了6种虫草野生株,从中筛选到一株可以感染家蚕的虫草菌,经鉴定     

蛋氨酸铬与稀土(镧、铈)壳糖胺螯合盐协同作用对肥育猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在探讨蛋氨酸铬与稀土(镧、铈)壳糖胺螯合盐对肥育猪生产性能的影响。试验选择平均体重(59±1.32)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪108头,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。试验组日粮分别在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同水平的蛋氨酸铬(以铬计0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/kg)与稀土(镧、铈)壳糖胺螯合盐200 g/t,对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验期41 d。试验结果表明:添加0.4 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬+200 g/t有机稀土(Ⅱ组)和0.6 mg/kg蛋氨酸铬+200 g/t有机稀土(Ⅲ组)显著提高肥育猪的日增重和饲料转化率。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组与对照组相比,屠宰率、滴水损失差异显著(P<0.05)。     

两种pH值镧溶液浸种对模拟酸雨胁迫下油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以"浙双72"油菜种子为试材,研究了2种pH值氯化镧(LaCl3)溶液浸种对模拟酸雨胁迫下(pH 3.5)油菜种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:用pH 6.5LaCl3溶液浸种,对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有促进作用,且10mg/L LaCl3浸种能显著缓解pH 3.5酸雨胁迫的影响;用pH 4.5LaCl3溶液浸种,只有1mg/L LaCl3浸种有明显的正向效应,而5、10mg/L LaCl3浸种多为负面效应,表现为种子萌发和幼苗生长不及对照,过氧化物酶(POD)活性比对照稍高,丙二醛(MDA)含量也比对照高,可能是低pH值溶液中,镧元素的离子态增加,毒性也增强;因此,用LaCl3溶液浸种,必须选择适宜的剂量,还须控制浸种溶液的pH值。     

水溶液及红壤提取液中镧的生物毒性研究

利用发光细菌法研究了水溶液及红壤提取液中镧的生物毒性。水溶液中镧有较高的生物毒性并随浓度的升高而增强 ,EC50 值为21.1mg·L-1。土壤提取液中的镧有一定的生物毒性 ,并随镧浓度的升高不断增强。随着培养时间的延长 ,土壤提取液中镧的生物毒性逐渐减小。镧在土壤中的生物毒性是直接的     

施用钾肥对叶菜产量和品质的影响

Over a period of two years, field experiments were conducted on four silty loam soils grown with foliar vegetable crops including Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr., cv.Lu-Bai 3), autumn greens (B. chinensis L., cv.Piao-Geng-Bai), winter greens (B. var.rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv.You-Dong-Er), and summer greens (B. chinensis L., cv.Zao-Shu 5), respectively. Each experiment included one CK treatment without K, N and P fertilizers applied, and four treatments with from low to high doses, 0~300 kg hm^-2 for Chinese cabbage, 0~150 kg hm^-2 for autumn and winter greens and 0~180 kg hm^-2 for summer greens, of K fertilizers in the form of sulfate of potash (SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash (MOP) applied at high levels (150 or 180 kg hm^-2) together with N and P fertilizers was included in the experiments of autumn, winter and summer greens, respectively, in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP. The market yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application. The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application. K fertilization increased not only K contents but also the amounts of N, P and K absorbed in shoots of autumn, winter and summer greens, which were statistically significantly correlated to their yields. It can also be found that potassium improved the quality of the foliar vegetable crops as their dry mater contents were generally increased and Vc contents obviously increased and nitrate contents markedly decreased. As compared to MOP, SOP was more effective on the yields and quality of autumn, winter and summer greens at the high levels of fertilization.     

稀土镧对镉胁迫小麦遗传学防护效应的研究

以有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率为指标,应用水培法研究了重金属Cd对小麦幼苗的毒害及稀土La的防护效应。结果表明:Cd胁迫降低根尖细胞有丝分裂指数,增加染色体畸形率,且毒害效应与剂量和处理时间正相关。Cd胁迫下小麦根外观上呈现大量褐色斑块并伴有不同程度的扭曲,生长延缓或停滞;细胞分裂过程中表现为高频率出现的微核及染色体滞留。La对小麦幼苗Cd污染具有防护效应,可使小麦细胞有丝分裂指数升高、染色体畸变率下降,且对微核的防护效应尤其显著。     

污灌区稀土镧分布特征及其对生态环境的影响

[目的]研究包头市南郊污水灌溉区稀土镧(La)分布特征。[方法]按照线型、剖面型和"梅花型"取样,测定不同研究点、区水系沉积物和土壤La含量,分析La对生态环境的影响。[结果]研究区主污水渠滨岸漫水地、四道沙河河底沉积物、工厂污水渠底部水系沉积物及其剖面样、农田土壤La元素含量分别为2 924、427.60、309.30、113.26、44.94 mg/kg,其中土壤La含量是河套地区La元素背景值1.50倍。[结论]人类活动导致污灌区外源La在土壤、水系沉积物中的超量积累。