干旱条件下氮、磷水平对土壤锌、铜、锰、铁有效性的影响

研究了干旱条件下不同N、P水平对微量元素Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe有效性的影响。结果表明 ,在中壤质土壤含水量 11%～ 14%的情况下 ,不同N、P配比明显增加了土壤剖面中速效P的含量 ,但随着土壤深度的增加 ,土壤速效P呈不断下降的趋势。大田和土壤培养试验表明 ,施P有增加土壤Zn、Cu、Mn有效性的趋势 ,但有效Fe则有下降的趋势。土壤速效P、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe之间的相关分析表明 ,土壤速效P与有效Zn之间存在显著的正相关关系 (r =0.65) ,而与有效Fe之间则存在显著的负相关关系 (r =- 0.63)。     

重金属迁移与土壤性质的关系

Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg runoff from yellow limestone soil and purple soils and the relationships between the mobility of the heavy metals and the soil characteristics were studied in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble Zn in surface runoff were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of < 0.002 mm particles and CEC of the soils, indicating that Zn was mostly adsorbed by clays in the soils. The contents of Cu and Hg in surface runoff were positively related to their contents in the soils. The amounts of Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg removed by surface runoff were influenced by the amounts of soil and water losses and their contents in the soils, and were closely related to the contents of soil particles 1~0.02 mm in size.     

不同液土比和温度条件下塿土铵离子吸附

Effects of NH₄⁺ concentration, solution/soil ratio and temperature on NH₄⁺ adsorption were studied in a Eum-Orthic Anthrosol. The slopes of the soil NH₄⁺ adsorption isotherms and the fitted n, the coefficient for the adsorption intensity, and k, the coefficient related to adsorption capacity, of the Freundlich equation increased with increasing solution/soil ratio (SSR) and with decreasing temperature (T). For the range of experimental conditions, the value of ∂q/∂c, the rate of change of the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed in the soil solid phase (q) with respect to the equilibrium concentration of NH₄⁺ in soil solution (c), was 0.840, indicating that q increased with increasing c. From 2 to 45 ℃, ∂q/∂SSR, the rate of change of q with respect to SSR, decreased from 2.598 to 1.996, showing that q increased with increasing SSR, while its increasing rate decreased with temperature. From SSR 1:1 to 20:1, ∂q/∂T, the rate of change of q with respect to T, decreased from -0.095 to -0.361, indicating that q decreased with increasing temperature, and at the same time the negative effect of temperature became larger as SSR increased. Thus under the experimental conditions the order of importance in determining the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed in the soil solid phase was ∂q/∂SSR > ∂q/∂c > |∂q/∂T|, indicating that the greatest effect on the amount of NH₄⁺ adsorbed was with the solution/soil ratio; the equilibrium concentration of NH₄⁺ had a lesser effect; and temperature had the least effect.     

吸附材料除磷效果研究

径流中土壤养分流失以磷为主,为了保护下游河流的水质,可从农业排水沟中采取措施减少磷的流失。美国俄克拉何马州大学植物与土壤学教授C.J.Penn等对磷吸附材料(PSMs)减少排水沟中可溶性磷效果进行了研究,探明了影响磷吸附的因素及吸附材料使用方法。结果表明,在含磷量较高的排水沟中安装除磷设备,不仅能降低磷质量浓度,还能对重金属具有较强的化学吸附作用。     

有潜在性的大孔吸附树脂模拟植物根系分泌有机酸吸附的方法

为探索一种根系分泌物富集的方法,用静态吸附法,通过研究HPD-400型大孔吸附树脂对水溶液中柠檬酸、苹果酸和酒石酸的吸附行为,模拟大孔吸附树脂对根系分泌物收集液中主要有机酸吸附的结果表明,相同条件下,HPD-400型大孔吸附树脂对3种有机酸的吸附强度依次为柠檬酸>苹果酸>酒石酸;它对各有机酸的吸附能力随各有机酸浓度的升高而增加,随温度的降低而增加;对各有机酸的吸附均符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,且表现为优惠吸附。试验表明,用HPD-400型大孔吸附树脂可作为根系分泌物的富集材料。     

吸附天然气技术及其应用

阐述了吸附天然气(ANG)的工作原理及其吸附技术、影响吸附剂吸脱附量的因素和解决热效应与气质组分问题的处理措施,并与压缩天然气(CNG)参数进行了比较.研究认为,吸附天然气技术日趋成熟,已经具备了工业化应用的基础条件.提出了加快研究开发ANG技术的建议.     

水分和有机物料对土壤锌-镉形态及化学性质的影响

为探求镉-锌复合污染土壤的有效治理途径,通过室内模拟培养试验,在不同水分条件下,运用连续提取法研究草炭和猪粪对土壤锌、镉形态及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明,草炭和猪粪的施用明显降低了土壤中可交换态锌、镉的含量,增加了铁、锰氧化物结合态锌、镉的含量,随培养时间的增加,影响更显著。其中淹水的效果优于65%相对含水量,猪粪的效果优于草炭。有机结合态锌、镉的含量亦增加,但猪粪处理的增幅小于草炭。不同水分条件下,施用草炭和猪粪对土壤pH值的影响不同,与镉、锌各形态无显著相关性。施用草炭和猪粪增加了土壤无定形氧化铁的含量,其含量与铁锰氧化物结合态锌、镉的含量呈显著正相关关系。     

固始鸡孵化期间蛋黄胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量分析

对固始鸡种蛋孵化期间蛋黄中胆固醇、粗脂肪和锌含量的测定表明,胆固醇含量0～6胚龄明显升高,以后出现阶段性降低;粗脂肪含量0～6胚龄无明显变化,6胚龄以后逐渐降低;锌含量0～3胚龄和6～12胚龄明显升高,3～6胚龄和12～21胚龄降低.     

外源锌对谷子锌含量、生物有效性及其产量的影响

探究孕穗期喷施不同浓度外源锌溶液对谷子各部位锌含量、锌生物有效性、矿质元素含量及产量的影响,明确谷子外源锌的最佳施用量,为锌肥在谷子上的合理施用提供理论支持。以杂交谷子品种张杂谷10号和常规谷子品种晋谷21号为试验材料,采用大田试验,在谷子孕穗期喷施等量0(CK,清水)、20(Zn1)、40(Zn2)、60(Zn3)、80(Zn4)、100(Zn5)mg·kg-1(以Zn计)硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)溶液,研究不同浓度锌溶液对锌含量、锌生物有效性、矿质元素含量及产量的影响。结果表明:喷施不同浓度锌溶液均可提高植株各部位锌含量,且随着锌喷施浓度增大,锌含量持续升高,在Zn5处理时达到最大,但含量均未超过国家标准食品中锌限量标准(<50 mg·kg-1);施用不同浓度外源锌后,锌在叶片中分配比例最大,其次为根、茎鞘,在籽粒中分配比例最小;随着锌喷施浓度的增大,籽粒植酸含量及植酸/锌摩尔比均呈先降低后升高的趋势,均在Zn 40 mg·kg-1处理时降低程度最大,与CK相比,晋谷21号分别降低了46.06%、54.31%,张杂谷10号分别降低了35.80%、40.31%;喷施不同锌溶液后,籽粒氮、磷、钾及粗蛋白含量随着锌浓度的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势,在Zn 40 mg·kg-1时达到最高,晋谷21号较CK分别提升了9.26%、40.79%、9.20%、9.26%,张杂谷10号较CK分别提升了5.36%、17.17%、4.58%、5.36%;不同品种谷子喷施不同浓度锌,其穗长、千粒重、穗粒重以及产量与对照相比,均在Zn2处理增加最多,晋谷21号较CK分别增加了7.12%、3.79%、20.69%、21.16%,张杂谷10号较CK分别增加了3.33%、5.16%、14.22%、13.94%。综上所述,外源锌对谷子各部位锌含量、生物有效性以及改善品质、增加产量均具有重要作用,高产高效富锌谷子生产锌的最佳喷施时期为孕穗期,最佳喷施浓度为40 mg·kg-1锌溶液。     

湖北省不同地区水稻土对几种养分的吸附能力研究

对湖北省4个不同地区典型水稻土的磷(P)、钾(K)、硫(S)、硼(B)、锌(Zn)的吸附能力进行了研究。4种水稻土对P的吸收能力大小顺序为:洪湖市油-稻两熟区近代河流冲积物母质发育的水稻土(4#土)>襄樊市麦-稻两熟区Q3母质发育的水稻土(3#土)>荆门油-稻两熟区Q3母质发育的水稻土(2#土)>蕲春县油-稻-稻三熟制区花岗片麻岩母质发育的水稻土(1#土);对K的吸收能力大小顺序为:3#>4#>1#>2#;对S的吸收能力大小顺序为:3#>2#>4#>1#;对Zn的吸收能力大小顺序为:3#>4#>2#>1#;对B的吸收能力大小顺序为:3#>4#>1#>2#。田间养分管理策略应根据不同地区土壤对养分的吸附能力大小进行相应调整。