超声单面平测法在混凝土裂缝检测中的应用

在对超声单面平测法的基本原理进行论述的基础上,分析总结了平测法在混凝土裂缝检测中存在的不足,提出了相应的改进措施。针对深圳水库对香港供水二、三期管道自1983年和1994年分别建成投入使用后,经过多年的运行,供水管道内壁螺仔等附着物增多,个别管段的混凝土结构出现裂缝,对供水管道的安全运行及可靠度可能造成了潜在威胁的情况,本文利用改进后的超声平测法对二、三期供水管道中裂缝的深度进行了探测、分析评判裂缝的发展情况,对二、三期供水管道安全进行评估,复核供水管道结构安全,为管道的安全运行提供了科学依据。     

超临界CO2流体萃取沙棘黄色素的研究

研究超临界ＣＯ２流体直接从沙棘果皮中萃取高品质的沙棘黄色素,讨论了超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取压力、温度、ＣＯ２循环量等因素对沙棘黄色素提取得率及品质的影响。确定了超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取沙棘黄色素的最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力为２５－３０ＭＰａ,温度为３５－４０℃,ＣＯ２流量为１２ｋｇ／ｈ,萃取时间为３ｈ。     

超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯量

研究了超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯含量的方法。芹菜经超声提取20 min后,以浓度4.5 mmol/L Na₂CO₃和0.8 mmol/L NaHCO₃为淋洗液,经IonPacAG23分离测定。本方法具有快速、灵敏、准确度高,适合于芹菜中氯量的测定。     

A Review on Decaffeination of Tea Products

Since caffeine possesses some well-unknown adverse effects,many attempts have been conducted to remove it from tea products,including selective extraction with different solvents,enzymatic degradation and inhibition the caffeine synthesis pathway.Reports showed that caffeine can be safely and efficiently removed from fresh tea leaves by hot water blanching,however this approach is not suitable for treating the rolled or dried leaves because of the unavoidable loss of catechins.Although microwave-enhanced vacuum ice water extraction can be used for decaffeination of dried tea,time consumption seems to be the main shortage of this method.Liquefied dimethyl ether might be used as another alternative solvent for selective extraction of caffeine from tea products because of its low toxicity and residum,but its decaffeination efficiency needs to be verified furthermore.It has been proved that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is an effective approach for removing caffeine from different types of tea products,while the application of the technique is always limited as its expensive equipments and high running costs.Decaffeination with microbe incubation or enzymatic digestion is highly hopeful since many studies showed that some microorganisms can degrade the caffeine through induced demethylase and oxidase under gentle condition in some model systems,unfortunately,this approach is far away from application since security and quality of the decaffeinated products are rarely concerned.Low-caffeine tea products can be easily produced through normal manufacture by using the leaves harvested from some low-caffeine cultivars which are derived through genetic modification or conventional breeding,but these germplasms are very limited.     

超声强化法提取蓝莓多糖的工艺研究

以蓝莓为材料,利用超声强化法提取蓝莓多糖。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法考察超声功率、提取时间、液固比对蓝莓多糖提取率的影响。得到最优提取工艺条件为: 超声功率600 W,超声时间 87 min,液固比49 mg/g,在此条件下,蓝莓多糖提取率理论值为4.93％,验证实测值为4.91％,与预测值接近,说明该试验方案可行。     

发酵与焙烤对可可豆香气影响的GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气-质联用仪（GC-MS）分析未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆的香气成分,并采用主成分分析法对可可豆香气的影响进行分析。结果表明：未发酵豆、发酵豆和焙烤豆香气差异明显。从未发酵豆和发酵豆中分别鉴定出30和62种挥发性成分,主要为醇类、酮类、烯烃类和醛类,发酵后可可豆香气物质增多。在105、125、145 ℃下焙烤的未发酵豆和发酵豆分别鉴定出47、59、84和71、68、83种,主要为醇类、酯类、醛类、烯烃和吡嗪类,低温焙烤和高温焙烤的可可豆香气差异明显;酮类集中于未发酵低温焙烤区,酸类、酯类和醇类偏向于发酵低温焙烤区,呋喃类和吡嗪类等杂环类化合物指向高温焙烤区。这些香气成分的差异,形成不同处理可可豆之间的风味差异,可可豆香气成分的主成分分析可以作为可可豆不同处理潜在的评价方法。     

头孢曲松钠致假性胆囊结石的超声观察

目的 分析超声观察头孢曲松钠致假性胆囊结石的声像图特征及临床特征.方法 对40例应用头孢曲松钠治疗的患者,应用腹部超声观察其治疗前后的胆系声像图变化并记录临床伴随症状.结果 19例患者胆囊声像图出现异常,其中12例为假性结石:4例假性结石后不伴声影,8例假性结石后伴声影;7例为胆汁淤积;并且19例患者中16例均无临床症...     

固相微萃取法测定卷烟主流烟气中的游离烟碱

通过顶空固相微萃取进样器（HS-SPME）对卷烟主流烟气剑桥滤片中的游离烟碱进行萃取,并用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）进行外标法定量分析,对溶剂、萃取纤维、预平衡时间、萃取时间、萃取温度、脱附时间等分析条件进行了优化.同时建立了滤片不同含水量对游离烟碱测定影响的校正曲线,根据实际样品主流烟气粒相物水分的含量对游离烟碱的测定值进行校正,实现了对游离烟碱存在环境无干扰的条件下简便、快速、准确测定卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的游离烟碱.以参比卷烟3R4F为实际样品进行测定时,本方法的RSD为8.3%,检测限和定量限分别为0.2 μg/支和0.5 μg/支.     

芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留的同时测定

采用乙腈提取,Florisil固相萃取,正己烷-丙酮洗脱,HP-5石英柱程序升温技术分离,电子捕获检测器检测,建立了同时测定芦笋中毒死蜱和氯氰菊酯残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法。结果表明,该方法对2种农药残留量的线性范围分别为0.002 5-0.500 0 mg/L和0.005-0.250 mg/L,相关系数为0.999 8-0.999 9,检出限分别为0.002 5 mg/kg和0.005 mg/kg,加标平均回收率为74.0%-98.3%,相对标准偏差为0.6%-10.8%。