日粮添加CLA对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响

选用96只30周龄健康依沙褐壳商品蛋鸡作为试验动物,按单因子设计随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡,分别饲喂添加0%、0 5%、1%和2%共轭亚油酸的日粮,以研究CLA对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋中脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,添加0 5%CLA并不影响蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋黄重及脂肪含量,但添加1 0%和2 0%CLA却使蛋鸡的采食量和蛋清重明显降低(p≤0 05);蛋中胆固醇含量随CLA添加水平的提高线性降低,试验后15、30、45和60天添加0 5%、1 0%和2 0%CLA组蛋黄中胆固醇含量分别比对照组降低了19 79%、14 22%、20 33%, 22 68%、24 60%、28 0%, 21 84%、27 43%、34 92%和23 84%、29 04%、39 24% (p≤0 05);脂肪酸分析结果表明,CLA添加能明显提高蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0 05),却使蛋黄中单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0 05),蛋中CLA含量与饱和脂肪酸变化表现出相同规律,即随着日粮CLA添加水平的提高明显增加,不同试验日龄各添加水平以2 0%添加组含量最高,试验后30、45和60天每颗蛋中CLA含量分别高达464 76、392 46和488 99mg。提示通过日粮添加CLA能够获得低胆固醇并富含CLA的鸡蛋,从而为人类保健食物的生产开辟了一条崭新的途径。     

肉鸡脂肪性状调控基因的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高，对优质肉鸡肉质提出了更高要求。适量的皮下脂肪可改善胴体外观，但皮下脂肪和腹脂太多则不好；而较高含量的肌内脂肪（IMF）能改善肉品质。近年来，从DNA水平上研究家禽肉质的报道相对较少，但随着人们消费水平的提高，改善肉质已成为养殖业面临的首要问题。因此，肉质的研究成为动物遗传学者研究的热点。为此，本文把对影响肉鸡肉质脂肪性状主要基因的研究状况做一论述，为今后培育低脂肪优良肉鸡品种的育种工作奠定基础。     

亟待开发的生物饲料——蚯蚓

蚯蚓是地球上最有价值的生物之一，对人类贡献极大。在养殖业中，蚯蚓是龟、鳖类及鱼类等水产动物和众多畜禽天然的优质高蛋白饲料。     

维生素A限饲对伊比利亚猪肌内脂肪脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪酸组成的影响

研究的目的是探讨日粮维生素A水平是否与伊比利亚猪生长前期(活重35.8 kg)和育成期(活重158 kg)脂肪细胞分化或脂肪积累差异有关。选取活重16.3 kg的伊比利亚猪分配到两个日粮组,一组饲喂添加维生素A 10 000 U·kg-1的日粮(对照组);另一组不添加维生素A(VAR)。试验结果表明,维生素A的水平对猪生长性能和胴体品质没有影响。维生素A的早期限饲在生长早期极显著增加了背最长肌(LT)前脂肪细胞数量(P<0.001);并且增加育成期中性脂质含量,改善了其组成(较高的单不饱和脂肪酸和较低的饱和脂肪酸含量,P<0.05)。维生素A的限饲增加仔猪脂肪生成潜力,且不影响胴体性状。     

脂肪营养及其在猪生产中的应用

猪日粮中添加脂肪在国内外已有二十几年的历史,各国专家都进行了较多的研究,在妊娠后期日粮和泌乳期日粮中添加脂肪会提高乳量、初乳和常乳的乳脂率以及仔猪从出生到断奶的生存率。国内专家们在这方面也得出了相同的结果。脂肪是体组织的主要成分,而且脂肪由于其生物学价值和能量价值高在猪的营养中起着重要作用,是猪饲粮中的重要组成成分。脂肪在动     

Estimated Breeding Value in Iranian Buffaloes

This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.     

不同饲养密度对鳝苗的生长性能研究

本试验以水蚯蚓作为饵料,研究了60日龄鳝苗不同密度下的增重、存活率及饵料转化率。试验分3个密度组,其对应的密度分别为2000尾/m2、3000尾/m2、4000尾/m2,每个密度组设4个平行;试验时间为30d。结果表明:在本试验条件下,3个密度组鳝苗的增重率、存活率随着密度的增大呈下降趋势,而其饵料系数随着密度增大而增大;其中在4000尾/m2的密度下,鳝苗的增重率最低,仅为1.12±0.13;饵料系数最高,为5.71±1.37。     

过瘤胃脂肪对林麝体重和日粮表观消化率的影响

选用20头年龄相近,体况良好的成年雄性林麝。采用完全随机设计分为4组,研究日粮添加过瘤胃脂肪(0,5,10,15 g/d)对林麝体重和日粮表观消化率的影响。结果表明:日粮添加不同水平过瘤胃脂肪对林麝体重无显著影响(P0.05)。对林麝日粮粗蛋白、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和干物质的表观消化率没有显著影响(P0.05);10 g/d组日粮粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率较对照组显著提高(P0.05),但与5 g/d组和15 g/d组差异不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,林麝日粮过瘤胃脂肪的适宜添加水平为10 g/d。     

Effects of Medium-chain Triglyceride on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglyceride replacing the soybean oil in the basal diet on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of broilers.One hundred and forty four healthy,similar body weights AA broilers at the age of 14 days were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates ger group and six broilers per replicate.Groups A,B,C and D were respectively fed with 0,0.6%,1.2% and 2% medium-chain triglyceride substituted the equivalent amount of soybean oil (using corn flour to balance the energy levels in each group) .The test lasted for 28 days and the indexes were measured once every two weeks.The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of groups B,C and D were higher than that of group A,and the F/G was lower than group A.The average daily gain of groups C and D at 28 to 42 days old and group D at 14 to 42 days old were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05).The serum glucose,total content of amino acid,total protein and albumin of groups B,C and D at age of 28 and 42 days old were higher than that of group A,while the serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and urea nitrogen levels were lower.The total cholesterol content at 42 days old and triglyceride concentrations at 28 days old of group C were significantly lower than those of group A (P < 0.05).The results indicated that medium-chain triglyceride could raise average daily gain and reduce the total cholesterol content and triglyceride concentrations of broilers,which were useful for improving the growth performance.