金霉素和代谢物差向金霉素在肉鸡肌肉和肝脏中的残留分布

为了研究金霉素(CTC)、差向金霉素(ECTC)在肉鸡肌肉、肝脏中的残留分布情况,样品经提取液提取后过Oasis HLB SPE小柱净化,采用电喷雾正离子模式(ESI+)和多反应监测模式(MRM),用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测;试验组鸡按体重以50 mg/(kg·d)剂量内服CTC,连续5 d,每天给药1次。结果表明:该方法测定肉鸡肌肉和肝脏中CTC检测限和定量限分别为5.0、10.0μg/kg。ECTC检测限和定量限分别为20.0、30.0μg/kg。CTC和ECTC在肉鸡肌肉中平均回收率分别在73.0%~95.20%和81.80%~101.60%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别在8.85%~12.18%和2.05%~9.29%;在肉鸡肝脏中平均回收率分别在67.06%~90.80%和78.64%~106.98%,RSD分别在2.90%~8.88%和4.72%~9.48%;肉鸡肌肉和肝脏中CTC、代谢物ECTC的残留量分别在给药后第1、5 d时达到最高。肉鸡肝脏中ECTC的残留量约占总残留量的1/2。停药后CTC及其代谢物ECTC代谢缓慢,在停药第6 d时,仍能检测到CTC及其代谢物ECTC,但其残留量均低于最高残留限量(MRLs)。从保障食品安全方面考虑,建议我国将CTC和ECTC均作为金霉素的残留标示物进行监测。     

一例火鸡组织滴虫病与巴氏杆菌病混合感染的诊治

组织滴虫病是由火鸡组织滴虫寄生于鸡和火鸡的盲肠及肝脏所引起的急性原虫病,又称盲肠肝炎或黑头病。主要特征是肝脏坏死、盲肠溃疡,多发生在春末初秋的暖热季节,鸡、火鸡、鹧鸪和雏鸡均可感染,以3~12周龄火鸡易感性最强。禽巴氏杆菌病又称禽霍乱是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的鸡、鸭、鹅等     

动物肝病的发病原因与病理变化

1肝炎本病是指肝脏在某些致病因素作用下发生的以肝细胞变性、坏死或间质增生为主要特征的炎症过程。根据肝炎发生的原因而把其分为传染性肝炎和中毒性肝炎。传染性肝炎是由病原微生物所引起的,     

清洁级成年SD大鼠肝脏自发病变的组织病理学研究

为了研究清洁级成年SD大鼠肝脏自发病变的组织病理学改变,选取3 000只清洁级成年SD大鼠,雌雄各半,取肝脏做组织病理学检查.结果表明,清洁级成年SD大鼠肝脏的自发病理变化有细胞水肿、脂肪变性、炎症细胞浸润、肝窦扩张、灶性坏死、肝内胆管增生、囊肿、肝细胞癌等,自发病理变化无性别差异(P＞0.05).研究结果丰富了清洁级成年SD大鼠肝脏自发病变的组织病理学资料.     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.     

胆汁酸的生理功能及在畜牧业中的应用

<正>胆汁酸是胆汁的主要成分,在脂肪消化过程中起着重要作用。集约化养殖过程中频繁的应激无形中加大了动物肝脏的压力,肝脏分泌胆汁的功能受到抑制,     

半定量RT-PCR法分析猪肝脏中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶mRNA表达水平

细胞内铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）是动物体内一种重要的抗氧化酶。本实验室构建了优化的半定量RT-PCR法，以18S rRNA为内标，研究猪肝脏组织中CuZnSOD基因mRNA表达水平。提取猪肝脏组织总RNA，经反转录后进行扩增，先寻求PCR线性扩增范围，确定RT．PCR的最佳循环数和Mg^2＋浓度。扩增后用VDS摄像系统扫描PCR扩增产物的电泳条带灰度。通过CuZnSOD PCR产物的灰度与18S rRNA PCR产物的灰度之比，即可计算出CuZnSOD mRNA的相对含量。     

不同剂量的蛋氨酸铜对肉鸡肝脏病理组织结构和粪便铜含量的影响

选择1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分成4组。使用蛋氨酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个高铜试验组分别为:110mg/kg、220mg/kg和330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束。于第12,36,60日龄在各组内随机采血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;测量60日龄各组肝脏和粪便的铜含量并观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果显示:①血清ALT和AST活性均在正常范围内,没有异常升高;②110mg/kg和220mg/kg组的肝脏组织中铜含量比对照组有所升高,但是差异不显著(P>0.05),而330mg/kg组则极显著高于其他3个试验组(P<0.01);110mg/kg,220mg/kg和330mg/kg组的粪便中铜含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);③330mg/kg组的肝脏组织大部分细胞中度变性,其他各组病理变化不明显。试验结果表明,日粮中蛋氨酸铜浓度达到330mg/kg时,肝脏内的铜蓄积量会迅速增多且对肝脏造成较大的损伤,粪便中的铜含量随着日粮中铜含量的增加而迅速增多,可能对环境造成不利影响。