苯甲酸和对-羟基苯甲酸对西瓜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

为探明苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸对西瓜的化感作用,采用浸种、浸芽和浇灌幼苗的方法分别研究了苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸浸种处理使西瓜种子发芽率显著降低;浸芽处理使西瓜种芽的胚轴、胚根生长受到显著抑制。用苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸浇灌的幼苗,根系活力、株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部和根系干重均显著低于对照。苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸的浓度越高,对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长的抑制作用越强。表明苯甲酸、对-羟基苯甲酸对西瓜种子发芽和幼苗生长均具有自毒作用。     

清毒化瘀汤联合羟基脲治疗慢性粒细胞白血病的疗效分析

目的:探讨清毒化瘀汤联合羟基脲治疗慢性粒细胞白血痛的临床疗效。方法:收集我院2010年1月-2011年1月同意参与本次研究的慢性粒细胞白血病患者52例的病历资料,利用计算机随机分纽,对照组26例,单纯给予羟基脲治疗,观察组26例,采取清毒化瘀汤联合羟基脲治疗,比较两组生存率,并统计其用药不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组羟基脲维持量低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组用药总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组用药不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组5年生存率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对慢性粒细胞白血病患者采取清毒化瘀汤联合羟基脲治疗的疗效显著,减少羟基脲用量,降低用药不良反应发生,且延长患者生存期,值得推荐。     

利用非靶向和靶向代谢组学鉴别荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜

蜂蜜品种的鉴别是确定蜂蜜独有特性、促进优质优价的有效手段,在前期已经建立特色蜂蜜鉴别和功能识别可靠模型的基础上,本文建立了同时鉴别荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜的方法。采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC/Q-Tof-MS)技术对荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜3种大宗蜂蜜进行了非靶向代谢组学分析,结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)对该3种蜂蜜进行差异比较,发现咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷对3种蜂蜜的鉴别起到关键作用。采用超高效液相色谱—三重四极杆质谱(UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS)技术建立了同时测定蜂蜜中咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷的方法,该方法简便快速、准确可靠。分析北京及周边地区荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜样品中的咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷的含量,确定咖啡酸、4-羟基喹啉和刺槐苷可分别作为荆条蜜、枣花蜜和洋槐蜜的标志性成分,其阈值分别为1.6mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和0.4mg/kg。     

植物多酚(英文)

从普遍存在的绿原酸到分子量在500—20000范围之间的多酚组分(即植物单宁)植物多酚的变化是很复杂的。从广义上讲,多酚主要可分为两类,即原花色素和以倍酸和(或)六羟基联苯甲酸和它们的衍生物为基础的聚酯化合物。如早期文献报道的,前者相当于凝缩类单宁,而后者则是水解单宁。作为植物的二次代谢物它们具有一些不同的分子特性。它们不仅具有多种多样酚基,而且还有一种和各种天然大分子即蛋白、多糖和核酸以及代谢物如生物碱结合成可逆复合物的倾向。根据这些性质,历史上按“伞”命名法称之为植物单宁。文中还讨论了植物多酚结构的变化因素,以及它们与其它物质的结合。     

8-羟基别二氢葛缕醇及其衍生物的合成与驱避活性研究

以α-蒎烯（1）为原料，合成了8-羟基别二氢葛缕醇（3）及其甲酸酯（4）、乙酸酯（5）和丙酸酯（6），并用IR、MS、^1H NMR及^13C NMR分析对它们的结构进行了表征。按照国家标；隹GB 17322．10—1998测定了这4个化合物对白纹伊蚊的驱避活性。结果显示：化合物3对白纹伊蚊没有驱避活性，与之结构及其类似的对盖烯二醇等已被以往的研究证明具有驱避活性，因此极性官能团和手性碳原子位置可能是影响驱避活性的重要因素；衍生物6对白纹伊蚊没有驱避活性，这可能与其羰基部分太大有关，在目前的萜类驱避剂中尚极少见丙酸酯类；衍生物5具有一定的驱避活性，质量分数为20％时，对白纹伊蚊的驱避时间接近4h；衍生物4的驱避效果最好。质量分数为20％时，对白纹伊蚊的驱避时间可以达到7～8h，与避蚊胺（DETA）的驱避效果相同。     

喜树种子中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱高效液相色谱法分析

建立了一种简便、快速、准确的测定喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)种子中喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱含量的高效液相色谱分析方法;色谱条件为:采用日本KYA HIQ sil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流速为1 mL/min,梯度洗脱程序为:在前 15 min流动相乙腈 -水的体积比由10 %线性增加至40%,在随后的3 min乙腈 -水的体积比线性降至10 %并保持恒定3 min,在21 min时停止该程序.检测器为二极管阵列检测器,喜树碱定量分析波长254 nm,10-羟基喜树碱定量分析波长266 nm,进样量10 μL.样品制备以60 %的乙醇作溶剂,在60 ℃下超声波提取喜树种子50 min.利用以上方法分别测定了喜树种子胚乳、胚轴、子叶和种皮中的喜树碱和10-羟基喜树碱含量,喜树碱的含量是胚乳＞胚轴,子叶＞种皮,10-羟基喜树碱的含量是胚乳＞种皮＞胚轴＞子叶.     

Effect of HMBi on Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Enzyme Activity of Fujian Yellow Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of HMBi on slaughter performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.100 weaning rabbits (half male and half female) with similar weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% HMBi,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days and the trial period lasted for 52 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the slaughter weight and dressing percentage in group Ⅱ were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the carcass weight in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).② Compared with control group,the villous height of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the villous height of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05);The V/C of duodenum and ileum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the V/C of jejunum in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).③ Compared with control group,the amylase activity in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,HMBi could enhance dressing percentage,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and increase intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.Under this experiment conditions,the appropriate HMBi level in the diet of Fujian Yellow rabbits was 0.40%.     

-羟基熊果酸

在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验法对2α-羟基熊果酸的提取工艺进行优选,选用L9(34)进行正交试验,以2α-羟基熊果酸的得率为指标,考察常温(25℃)下超高压压力、保压时间、乙醇体积分数及其固液比(g∶mL)对2α-羟基熊果酸得率的影响。得到的最佳工艺条件为超高压压力300 MPa,保压时间5 min,乙醇体积分数90%,固液比1∶15,提取3次。2α-羟基熊果酸的提取得率可达0.415%。     

2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-烷基(或羟烷基)醚的合成研究

以氢型丝光沸石为催化剂，二氢月桂烯与单醇或二醇加成反应生成2，6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-烷基或羟烷基醚。实验结果发现，各种醇与烯生成醚化合物的趋势如下：直链伯醇易于支链伯醇；伯醇易于仲醇；低碳直链伯醇易于高碳直链伯醇，同时还发现，1，3-丁二醇、1，6-己二醇与烯的反应，只生成单醚。文中还考察了反应温度和时间对反应的影响。     

Interaction of NPK fertilizers during their transformation in soils: Ⅲ. Transformations of monocalcium phosphate

Interactions of N, P and K fertilizers in soil-plant systems are widely recognized. This study focused on the transformations of monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) (MCP) with co-application of ammonium and potassium fertilizers in three different soils. The results showed that after 1 d incubation a large portion of the MCP applied in the paddy,calcareous and red soils became the water-insoluble form and the recoveries of P applied as Olsen P varied greatly in these three soils. Application of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) (AS) or potassium chloride (KC1) reduced WSP significantly in the soils with AS more effective than KC1 in the calcareous soil, while the reverse occurred in the red soil. Meanwhile, in the paddy soil, co-application of the two fertilizers reduced WSP more than when the fertilizers were applied individually. The co-application of AS with MCP in the paddy and calcareous soils significantly reduced Olsen P, but the opposite occurred in the red soil. The experiment on the effect of different accompanying anions showed that the ammonium fertilizers (PNC1 and PNS) reduced WSP more effectively than the corresponding potassium fertilizers (PKC1 and PKS) in the calcareous soil due to the difference of the cations, whereas in the red soil, the chlorides reduced WSP more effectively than the sulfates. Overall, co-application of ammonium or potassium fertilizers with MCP significantly decreased availability of P from MCP during its transformation in soils, especially when MCP was applied in combination with ammonium in the calcareous soil.