皂角苷在畜牧业中的应用

皂角苷又称皂甙或皂素,皂苷是糖苷类的化合物,苷又称配糖体,是由糖和非糖物质结合而成的一类化学成分.皂角苷的水溶液振摇后可产生持久的蜂窝状泡沫,与肥皂泡沫相似,因而得名.皂甙在植物,特别是在中药材中分布非常广泛(如著名的人参、三七等主要活性成份都是皂甙).近些年来,在中药领域,对皂甙的研究不断深入和广泛,目前已从人参中分离提纯出十八种人参单体皂甙,如Rb1、Rb2、Rd、Rc、Re、Rg1、Rg2、Rh1,并发现Rg1和Rb1最具药理活性.同时世界上也不断发现新的极具价值的皂苷化合物,如美国Antigenis公司著名的疫苗佐QS-21,单体分子量为1 990.     

人参茎叶皂甙对雏鸡增重及血液的作用

本文研究了人类茎叶皂甙对１２０只雏鸡增重及外周血的影响，雏鸡在完全相同的饲养条件下，预饲至６日龄，随机分为４组，三个实验组分别按每公斤体重１５ｍｇ，１０ｍｇ和５ｍｇ剂量腹腔注射。对照组注生理盐水，隔日一次，连续３０天，用药１５日后，实验组每只雏鸡体重比对照组分别高４ｇ，７ｇ，５ｇ，用药３０日后，经统计分析，１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组体重明高于对照组（ｐ＜０．０１）。测得外周血：１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组红细胞数明显高     

Effects of Momordica grosvenori Saponins on Type 2 Diabetes Rats Induced by High-sucrose/High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of Momordica grosvenori saponins on improving the effect of high-sucrose/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats.The type 2 diabetes rat model was established with a high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Successfully modeled rats were given the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori (100,200,400 mg/kg) or metformin (268 mg/kg) by gavage,once a day for 4 weeks.Recording the "three more and one less"index (24 h internal urine output,water intake and feed intake,body weight);Detecting of biochemical indicators,analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),insulin (INS),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),alanine aminotransferase (AST),aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the pathological changes of the pancreas.Compared with the model group,the feed intake,water intake,urine output,blood indicators FBG,INS,MDA,TC,TG,BUN and Cr levels,AST and ALT activities were significantly or extremely significantly decreased in the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori each dose group and metformin group (P<0.05;P<0.01),while CAT,SOD activities and HDL-C level were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).In pancreatic tissue,the number of pancreatic cells was increased significantly,and the pathological damage of the pancreas was significantly reduced. Momordica grosvenori saponins and metformin had obvious effects on improving glucose metabolism disorders,and at the same time could significantly reduce insulin resistance,enhance the body’s ability to resist oxidative stress and improve liver and kidney functions.     

苜蓿皂甙的理化性质及其生物学功能

虽然苜蓿皂甙作为一种抗营养因子限制了苜蓿在畜牧生产中的广泛应用,但苜蓿皂甙能够降低单胃动物血浆胆固醇,为人类提供安全、保健的畜产品。为此本文对苜蓿皂甙的理化性质、制备及生物学功能进行了综述。     

苜蓿皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响

为探讨苜蓿(Medicago sativa)皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能和抗氧化性能的影响,选用72头体重7.5 kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪进行研究。试验随机分为4组:基础日粮组(C)、基础日粮添加0.5%苜蓿皂甙组(T1)、基础日粮添加1%苜蓿皂甙组(T2)和基础日粮添加2%苜蓿皂甙组(T3),每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪(公母各3头)。结果表明:苜蓿皂甙可以显著提高断奶仔猪的日增重(P<0.05),降低料重比,以T2组(1%苜蓿皂甙)效果最好;苜蓿皂甙可以显著提高断奶仔猪血清和组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性(P<0.05),降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05),而且随着苜蓿皂甙水平的增加,仔猪血清和组织中GSH-PX,SOD的活性呈升高趋势,MDA的含量呈下降趋势。因此,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加苜蓿皂甙可以提高其抗氧化能力,促进其生长。     

大豆皂甙的性质及其开发应用

大豆不仅含优质的蛋白质和油脂,还含有大量具有生理活性的物质,而大豆皂甙具有很高的利用价值,本文就大豆皂甙的研究应用及其发展前景作一简要综述。     

三萜皂甙的免疫生物学和抗病毒机理研究

三萜皂甙是天然药物中的一种重要活性成分,具有多种药理活性,能提高机体T淋巴细胞转化率和IL-2活性,增加IgG含量和ACTH含量,提高抗体水平。许多研究表明,三萜皂甙还具有抗肿瘤、抗疲劳和抗病毒等作用。就近年来天然药物中三萜皂甙结构、免疫生物学作用和抗病毒机理研究作一综述,并阐述目前三萜皂甙在的研究中存在的问题和研究进展。     

快速测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元含量方法的研究

经研究将测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元含量的方法改进为微量浸提分光光度法。此法采用微量样品以无水酒精浸提代替传统的回流抽提法, 以香兰素-浓硫酸作显色剂, 冰醋酸作溶剂, 在460NM处测定薯蓣皂甙元的含量。与传统的重量法、抽提分光光度法相比较, 此法测定方法简便, 结果准确, 成本低, 效率高。     

不同罗汉果苗生长及结果特性初探

对罗汉果嫁接苗、组培苗、薯块苗进行栽培比较试验,以期充分了解其生长、结果特性,为罗汉果苗的推广提供理论依据。试验结果表明,嫁接苗的长势比组培苗和薯块苗要好,其真叶数和株高的净生长量最多;结果数最多的则是组培苗,其次是嫁接苗,最少的是薯块苗。     

罗汉果“3414”肥效试验

为探索出罗汉果种植的最佳施肥配比,提高肥料利用效率,在主产区桂林市临桂区开展了罗汉果"3414"肥效试验。结果表明,增施氮、磷、钾能显著提高产量和大中果率,过量施用将降低产量和大中果率,该地区罗汉果推荐施肥量为纯N 378.12 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5285.28 kg/hm~2、K_2O 418.63 kg/hm~2。