氮肥对3种固氮蓝藻种群数量的影响

通过2种常用化肥对固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica Ley），球胞鱼腥藻（Anabaena sphaerica Born），多变鱼腥藻（Anabaena variabilio Kutzing）影响的研究。结果表明，尿素和碳酸氧铵在低浓度（20mg／L以下）表现为促进，当浓度为80mg／L时，则显著抑制其种群生长；且高浓度时，尿素和碳酸氢铵对3种藻产生较强影响，处理96h时的EC50值分别为54．0，67．0，85．7mg／L及73．7，63．1，92．2mg／L。     

对施入土壤中碳酸氢铵损失的研究

在氨挥发模拟系统中,调查施于土壤中碳酸氢铵挥发的过程及其影响因子。发现氨挥发在施肥后迅速发生,13h以内以氨的形态挥发损失掉的肥料氮量最多,这种损失与碳酸氢铵在土壤中的暴露表面有关。施肥方法、浇施碳酸氢铵的兑水量和土壤的水分状况等亦影响氨的挥发。在红黄壤和青紫泥中,条施覆土可减少碳酸氢铵的挥发,与过磷酸钙混合施用,48h内的挥发损失量可减少2％。当在露天或室内从盆钵土上加水淋溶,调查施用于土壤中碳酸氢铵的淋溶损失时,发现碳酸氢铵的淋溶损失(指纵向的损失)比挥发损失少得多。淋溶损失主要以NO_3~-—N的形式,也包括部分NH_4~+—N。碳酸氢铵与硝化抑制剂脒基硫脲(Carbamido sulphururea,简称ASU)混合施用,可以减少NO_3~-—N损失。浇施时NH_4~+—N比穴施损失小。     

碳铵妙用 治虫防病

碳酸氢铵属铵态氮肥,具有较强的挥发性,对害虫具有一定的刺激、腐蚀和熏蒸作用,尤其对红蜘蛛、蚜虫、蓟马等体形小、耐力弱的害虫,效果更好。施用方法:用1%碳酸氢铵溶液均匀喷雾,每隔5～7 d喷一次,连喷2～3次。     

大棚草莓施用二氧化碳气肥的效果试验

为了进一步探讨和验证二氧化碳气肥在大棚栽培中的肥效反应，我们区农业局引进了山东淄博产平衡式B27-Ⅱ型二氧化碳气肥发生器，根据硫酸和碳酸氢铵反应生成二氧化碳气肥和优质氮肥硫酸铵的原理，在草莓大棚中安装使用，其施用效果如下。     

如何合理施肥

一、基肥的合理施用 基肥是指作物播种或移植前施用的肥料，一般是在土壤耕翻前均匀撒施，耕翻入土，使土肥相融，达到培肥土壤，贮存养分，以供给作物在整个生长期所需的养分。通常以有机肥为主，并适当配合速效性化学肥料施用效果更佳。宜做基肥的有机肥料有厩肥、堆肥、绿肥、土粪、沤肥等，一般每亩用量为3000—5000千克；宜做基肥的化学肥料有碳酸氢铵，硫酸铵等氮肥，以及磷肥、钾肥等。     

化肥新秀———长效碳酸氢铵

化肥新秀———长效碳酸氢铵长效碳酸氢铵是由中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所研制、辽宁省风城市化肥厂生产的一种新型优质化肥。１９９０年获国家专利：１９９３年被国家科委列为国家级科技成果重点推广项目；１９９４年被化工部评为重大科技成果，同年１２月通过国家级技...     

Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Crops Grown on Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

The fate of urea-and ammonium bicarbonate(ABC)-nitrogen (N) applied by prevailing traditional techniques to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)or maize (Zea mays L.)grown in the fields of Fluvo-aquic soil was investigated using ^15N tracer-micro-plot technique.Results show that:(1) at maturity of wheat,N recovery in plants and N losses of urea and ABC applied at seeding in autumn were 31-39%,and 34-46%,respextively,while the corresponding figures for side-banding at 10 cm depth in early spring were 51-57%,and 5-12%;surface-broadcast of urea followed by irrigation at early spring was as efficient as the side-banding in improving N recovery in plants and reducing N loss,however,such techuique was found less satisfactory with ABC.(2)At the maturity of maize,N recovery in the plants and N loss of urea and ABC sidebanded at seedling stage or prior to tasseling ranged from 23% to 57%,and 9% to 26%,respectively.(3) Either in Wheat or in maize experiment,the majority of residual fertilizer N in soil profile (0-60cm) was in the form of biologically immobilized organic N,however,the contribution of ammonium fixation by clay minerals increased markedly nwith depth in soil profile.(4) Though the proportion of residual fertilizer N was generally highest in the top 20 cm soil layer,considerable reaidual N (nostly 6-11% of the N applied)was found in 60-100 cm soil layers.     

百年化肥第一——侯德榜

碳酸氢铵，这一中国独有的化肥品种，它的存在，见证了中国几代化肥人敢于借鉴、勇于创造的历史。而它的诞生，与一位令人尊敬的世纪老人密不可分，他，就是侯德榜博士。