基于ZigBee的智能农业灌溉系统研究

针对传统农业灌溉中有线网络成本高、布线困难、覆盖范围受限等问题,以AT91SAM9260微处理器为控制核心、CC2530芯片为网络节点,利用超声波水位传感器、STR型土壤水分传感器采集农田水位数据信息,构建ZigBee网络。同时,通过GSM通信模块TC35i,实现了终端节点数据信息反馈及用户控制命令传输的智能农业灌溉系统,为农业的大田灌溉提供了详细的解决方案。     

有机栽培水肥一体化系统设计与试验

A water and fertilizer integrated system for organic cultivation was designed. The system integrated functions of preparing and compounding organic liquid as well as automatical irrigation. Through different subroutines of the system, the aerobic fermentation of organic materials, liquid filtration, compounding and dilution of stock solution, and decision and execution of irrigation strategy can be conducted. Thus, the integration of preparation and management of nutrient solution in organic cultivation, as well as high efficiency and fine management in water and fertilizer could be achieved. In order to verify the reliability and applicability of the system, coconut chaff was selected as organic matrix and non soil and organic cultivation experiment of cucumber was carried out in the solar greenhouse. The results showed that the system was operated stably in preparation of organic liquid and management of water and fertilizer was good in cucumber cultivation. The mechanization and automation of organic fertilizer and water management was implemented. The yield of cucumber was up to 48165kg/hm2, the content of total soluble sugar, vitamin C and titratable acidity were 2.7%, 99.2mg/kg and 008%, respectively. The development and application of this system would break through the bottleneck that existed in water and fertilizer management in organic cultivation, and it had important realistic significances.     

基于PLC的模糊控制灌溉系统的研制

该文利用模糊控制技术实现灌溉实时控制。利用MATLAB语言对其进行仿真,得到了较为合理的模糊控制算法。并将这些模糊控制算法通过以可编程控制器PLC为核心的硬件控制电路应用于实际的灌溉控制,通过实际温室育苗调试,能够较好地满足温室育苗使用要求。     

Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Maize Fields with Separation of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Water in an Alternating Furrow Irrigation System

The objective of this 2-yr field trial, with a central composite rotatable design, was to assess and quantify the effects of separation of nitrogen fertilizer and water with alternating furrow irrigation （SNWAFI） practices on soil ammonia （NH3） emission during the summer maize （Zea mays L.） growing season. Ammonia volatilization after N sidedress and irrigation ranged from 4.8 to 17.0 kg N ha-1 and 6.2 to 20.6 kg N hal, respectively, in 2008 and 2009. The lower N input contributed to lower NH3 loss but lower yield, whereas the higher N input induced higher yield as well as higher NH3 loss. Ammonia intensity （NH3 volatilization per crop yield） after N sidedress and irrigation was 1.2-3.0 kg NH3-N t-1 yield in 2008 and 1.1-3.2 kg NH3-N t1 yield in 2009. The predicted minimum NH3 intensity in 2008 was 1.6 kg NH3-N fl yield and was obtained with the combined application of 127 kg N ha^-1 and 108 mm irrigation water. In 2009, the predicted minimum NH3 intensity was 1.3 kg NH3-N t-j yield and was obtained with the combined application of 101 kg N ha-1 and 83 mm irrigation water. We conclude that SNWAFI practices with optimum rates of water and fertilizer can significantly reduce soil NH3 intensity and maintain yield. It was more beneficial for sustainable farming strategies to minimize the NH3 intensity rather than reduce absolute NH3 emissions alone.     

集雨蓄水灌溉系统建造技术

因自然降水与作物生育期需水分不平衡,建造一套集雨蓄水灌溉系统可调节平衡.这种调节性灌溉,可以说灌的是"丰产水",在特别干旱年份又可说灌的是"保命水".该技术措施适宜年降水量400毫米以上的旱作区果园运用. 一、集雨系统:尽可能充分利用路面、村庄和坡面等具有一定产流面积的地方作为集雨场;在自然条件差的地方可考虑修建人工集雨场;如秋季果树需水量较少时,在果树行间铺塑料薄膜,把秋季果树生长不太需要的自然降水收集起来.     

基于单片机的小型智能灌溉系统设计

以51单片机为控制器,根据农作物生长特性的需求,设置合理湿度参数范围,单片机对土壤湿度信息进行采集、分析和处理,进而控制抽水电机抽水灌溉,同时对土壤湿度数据进行实时显示,最终实现智能节水灌溉系统的设计。经过测试,该系统能实时监测数据,实现智能灌溉要求。     

农业水利工程节能型灌溉系统建设

水利工程在农业经济发展中占据着重要地位,解决了农田种植区灌溉作业的水调度问题,帮助农民全面提升了农作物的成活率,为农业经济增收创造了有利的条件。自农业水利设施建设以来,农田种植作业的水资源供应量更加充足,同时为干旱期生长储备了大量的水资源。由于我国农业科技水平相对落后,水利工程灌溉系统运行还存在严重的资源浪费问题,水资源总体使用有效率偏低而增大了农业投入成本。本文结合新疆南疆地区农业水利实况,对创建节能型灌溉系统提出可行性对策。