好氧水解过程中玉米秸秆传质特性研究

为了解决秸秆厌氧发酵出现浮渣、结壳等问题,针对玉米秸秆各部位组织结构、物理性质的差异性,采用好氧水解预处理进行研究。结果表明,玉米秸秆髓、皮、叶的吸水率及物质溶出率随时间的延长都呈逐渐上升趋势,当水解16 h时,髓、叶、皮的吸水率分别达到679%、347%、160%;在24 h时,皮、髓、叶的物质溶出率分别为20. 7%、18. 0%、7. 8%。表明髓、皮、叶的吸水率、物质溶出率均存在差异。     

淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉水解的影响

以小麦面粉为原料,研究了淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉酶解性质的影响。对洗淀粉过程中影响蛋白含量的条件进行了单因素试验,用SDS溶液和蛋白酶进一步除去淀粉中的蛋白质成分,然后对制得的含氮量不同的淀粉样品进行酶解。试验结果表明,蛋白酶能有效地去除淀粉共生蛋白,而淀粉共生蛋白有助于淀粉的水解。     

花生壳残渣制备活性炭及吸附性能测定

用提取黄酮后废弃的花生壳做原料,选择不同的活化剂在一定温度下制备活性炭,并且测定其吸附性能。结果表明：磷酸作为活化剂时活性炭产率最高,达39.5%;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂为氢氧化钾或磷酸、活化剂浓度为10%时,碘吸附值最高,为966.7mg/g;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂浓度为10%时,几种活化剂制备出来的活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力均达到40mL/g左右;与几种市售活性炭比较,花生壳活性炭碘吸附值能够满足市场需要,但是亚甲基蓝脱色力偏低;相同条件下,盐作为活化剂所制备出的活性炭对镍离子的吸附能力比较稳定。     

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance,Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets （Sus scrofa）

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed (Large White×Landrace) and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG (control group), 30 g kg-1 HWG (3% HWG group), 50 g kg-1 HWG (5% HWG group), or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine (0.25% Gly-Gln group). The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 (P＜0.05), while the average daily gain (ADG) in each of two groups was increased (P＞0.05). When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations (A:G) on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes (P＞0.05) on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A:G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group (P＜0.05), while the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ increased slightly (P＞0.05). Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3+ (P＞0.05) and CD4+ (P＜0.05) on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.     

粗饲料淀粉含量测定方法的比较研究

为寻找粗饲料淀粉含量的更好的测量方法,本研究采用酶水解法和高氯酸水解-蒽酮比色法对20种粗饲料进行淀粉含量测定。结果显示,蒽酮比色法所测结果较酶水解法稍有偏高,但两种方法所测结果具有强相关性(R2=0.99),相应的回归公式为Y=1.01X+0.38,n=20,R2=0.99。高氯酸水解-蒽酮比色法在普通实验室可用于粗饲料的淀粉含量的测定。     

沼肥养殖蚯蚓技术

蚯蚓以摄取土壤中的有机残渣和微生物为生,繁殖力强。用沼渣养蚯蚓,方法简单易行,投资少,效益大。把用沼渣养蚯蚓与饲养家禽、家畜结合起来,能最大限度地利用有机物质,并净化环境。用沼渣养殖蚯蚓,需要掌握好温度、湿度、饵料、pH值、光照等,特别是温度、湿度、饵料三要素,可以取得事半功倍的效果。     

α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄醇乙酸酯立体选择性水解酯酶产生菌的筛选及酶学特性初探

经过酵母菌富集培养,以α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄醇乙酸酯为唯一碳源培养和分离,并进一步用手性HPLC法复筛,得到了两株优先立体选择性水解(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄醇乙酸酯的酵母菌菌株S11和S25。两株酵母菌均能产生耐酸酯酶,在pH 3.0时对α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄醇乙酸酯进行立体选择性水解,产物对映体过量值(ee/em>p)均在95％以上,转化率(C)分别达50％和46％。测定了菌株S11的生长曲线,并对其产酶特性进行了初探,发现其所产酶为生长偶联型的胞内酶。     

啤酒麦糟纤维素酶水解的研究

以经过适当预处理后的啤酒麦槽作原理，采用里氏木霉素产生的纤维素酶进行水解。其纤维素的水解反应可描述为：①前６小时内迅速水解；②６－２４小时内较慢水解；③２４小时后缓慢水解。在水解过程中，存在纤维二糖的积累。     

微波水解制备复合氨基酸的研究

以鸡羽毛为原料,采用正交试验研究了微波水解法制备复合氨基酸的工艺条件。结果表明,影响羽毛微波水解的主要因素为固液比和硫酸浓度,而水解时间与微波功率变化影响较小。试验确定的微波水解制备复合氨基酸的优化条件为:固液比1:5、水解时间3h、硫酸浓度3mol/l、微波功率500W。微波水解法与传统水解法相比,具有水解时间短的优势。     

发酵法生产大豆肽的研究

通过对培养基组成、pH值、接种时间、接种量、发酵时间等因素的研究,优化了发酵法制备大豆多肽的生产工艺。结果表明:在葡萄糖含量为2%,豆粕含量为12%,初始pH值为6.5,接入4%的菌龄为15h的液体种子,发酵时间为48h的条件下,豆粕蛋白的水解度达60%。