板蓝根多糖对缺乳仔鼠免疫器官发育及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

试验应用流式细胞术检测缺乳仔鼠CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞含量来研究添加不同剂量的板蓝根多糖(RIP)对缺乳仔鼠免疫器官及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果表明:①RIP可增加缺乳仔鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数。对胸腺指数和脾脏指数效果最好的RIP剂量随日龄增大而减小。②RIP可以增加缺乳仔鼠外周血CD3⁺、 CD4⁺ 、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞数量。7~28日龄时初乳组(A组)、缺乳+中RIP组(C组)和缺乳+高RIP组(D组)3组CD3⁺ T淋巴细胞含量与缺乳组(B组)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。7~21日龄时初乳组(A组)、缺乳+中RIP组(C组)和缺乳+高RIP组(D组)3组CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞含量与缺乳组(B组)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。各处理组CD3⁺、 CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞含量及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值随着日龄的增加有所下降。适宜剂量的RIP可促进缺乳仔鼠免疫器官发育,提高T淋巴细胞亚群的水平。     

Study on the Anti-Escherichia coli Activity and Mechanism of Water Extract of Radix isatidis Powder

In order to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the Radix isatidis powder water extract,the effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were tested by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the conductivity and total leakage rate of E.coli and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium of the content of protein,DNA and RNA were stained by DAPI to detect the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the nucleic acid of E.coli,and the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the metabolism of E.coli in vivo,in vitro,ALT,AST,pyruvic acid and ATP.The results showed that after the Radix isatidis powder water extract acted on E.coli for 10 h,it was observed by SEM that the bacteria appeared to overflow and shrink,the length of the bacteria became shorter obviously,many residues were formed due to breakage,some of them were sunken in the middle and deformed.Under TEM,it was observed that the boundary of the cell wall of E.coli was unclear,the wall membrane was zigzag,deformed and some of the bacteria were broken.The protein content outside the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 8 h (P<0.01), and that in the cell from 4 h (P<0.01). DNA content had no significant difference with blank control group before 12 h (P>0.05), but had significant difference with blank control group from 16 h (P<0.01); RNA content began to decrease at 8 h, and was significantly different from blank control group at 12 h (P<0.05), and was extremely significant from 16 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ALT and AST (P>0.05). The pyruvate content in culture medium and bacteria was higher than that in blank control group, and the difference was very significant from 4 h (P<0.01). The ATP content in the culture medium was significantly different from that in the blank control group (P<0.01), and the ATP content in the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 4 h (P<0.01).In conclusion,the Radix isatidis powder water extract could inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of bacterial genetic material and the content of pyruvate and ATP by destroying the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.     

民乐县板蓝根病虫害及其防治方法

通过对甘肃省民乐县板蓝根整个生长进程进行观测,结合走访当地药农,发现民乐县板蓝根病害主要有根腐病、菌核病、霜霉病、白锈病等,虫害主要有菜粉蝶、灰地种蝇、蚜虫等。本文总结了上述病虫害的发生症状及防治方法,旨在为板蓝根的优质栽培提供参考。     

NaCl胁迫对板蓝根种子萌发的影响

采用培养皿发芽法研究了NaCl胁迫处理对板蓝根种子萌发的影响。结果表明:板蓝根种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均随NaCl浓度的升高而降低。对其全株的处理表明:胚根长、下胚轴长、胚根鲜重、下胚轴及子叶鲜重均随NaCl胁迫浓度的增大而呈下降趋势,脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电导率却随溶液NaCl浓度的增大而增大,呈明显的正相关关系。     

“芪蓝饮”及不同提取成分对NDV在鸡胚成纤维细胞中增殖的影响

为评价新兽药芪蓝饮及其不同提取成分的体外抗病毒活性,本试验通过细胞病变抑制法和MTT比色法检测了各提取成分对新城疫病毒(NDV)感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)过程的影响。结果显示,在3种加药方式中芪蓝饮原药(QLY)直接杀灭NDV的作用最强,其抑制率最高为128.85%;原药总多糖(TPS)干扰NDV的增殖作用最强,其抑制率最高为130.23%;原药总萜类(TT)直接杀灭NDV的作用最强,其抑制率最高为146.15%;板蓝根总生物碱(RIA)及其水溶性部位(RIAw)和酸性部位(RIAa)对抗NDV的方式是多环节的。综上所述,芪蓝饮及其提取成分表现出较强的干扰NDV增殖和直接杀灭NDV的作用,而阻断作用稍弱。     

大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花对异育银鲫免疫机能的影响

用分别含1%(质量分数)的大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花水提取物的饵料连续28d饲喂异育银鲫(Carassiusauratusgibelio),在不同时间取样,测定其血液白细胞的吞噬活性、血清和体表粘液的溶菌酶活性。结果表明,大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花可使异育银鲫血液白细胞的吞噬活性有明显提高。投喂药饵后4d,吞噬百分比(PP)与对照组相比均有极显著差异(P<0.01);投喂药饵后4d或7d,吞噬指数(IP)与对照组相比有显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异;在停投药饵后的10d,PP、IP与对照组相比仍有极显著差异。同时,投喂这4种中草药后,异育银鲫血清和体表粘液溶菌酶的活性也有明显提高,但体表粘液溶菌酶活性远远高于血清中溶菌酶活性。投喂药饵7d后,溶菌酶的活性与对照组之间有极显著差异;但在停止投药后10d,溶菌酶的活性与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

板蓝根中靛蓝和靛玉红的提取及其质量分数的测定

采用直接比色法测定板蓝根中靛蓝、靛玉红的质量分数。对靛蓝、靛玉红在240～700nm波段进行扫描，确定其最大吸收波长分别为601和531nm。分别通过单因素试验和正交试验，确定提取靛蓝、靛玉红的最佳工艺参数。结果表明，乙醇体积分数为75％时，靛蓝和靛玉红的提取物得率最高；提取时间为4h时，靛蓝和靛玉红的提取物得率最高。正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为：药材粒度40目，提取时间4h，乙醇体积分数75％，此时，提取物得率达1．74%。     

蓝芩注射液体外抗病毒试验

现代科学研究认为，不少清热解毒方药具有抗病毒作用，可以对抗毒素所致的机体功能障碍和组织损害，并加速机体对毒素的清除。蓝芩注射液是由板蓝根和黄芩精制而成，黄芩具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒等功效，对流感病毒有抑制作用；板蓝根具有较强的清热解毒作用，用于治疗各种热毒证、瘟疫、疮黄、肿毒、大头黄等。试验观察了蓝芩注射液对新城疫病毒的体外抑制作用，为该药在临床上用些理论依据。     

板蓝根栽培技术要点

板蓝根为十字花科二年生草本植物以叶入药时称大青叶 ,性味苦、大寒 ,以根入药时称板蓝根 ,性味苦、寒 ,均有清热、解毒、凉血功效。板蓝根的株高40～ 90 cm,复总状花序 ,花黄色 ,5 - 6月开花 ,6月下旬到 7月中旬果实成熟 ,主根深长 ,圆柱形 ,稍弯曲 ,外皮灰黄色 ,主要分布在河     

以草代药防治彩毛兔疾病

美吉尔彩色长毛兔为兔中新秀,属草食动物,采食的许多青饲料亦是中药,不仅具有营养丰富、防治疾病和促进生长的作用,而且长期使用不产生抗药性,无毒副作用,种植常用中草药,在彩毛兔中