维生素B_1对饲料发酵效果影响的研究

为了弄清维生素B_1促进饲料发酵的机理及对饲料营养成分的影响,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮添加维生素B_1,均为固态发酵。结果表明:添加维生素B_1能够加快发酵进程,饲料p H和干物质含量显著降低,还原糖含量显著提高(P0.05)。饲料发酵72 h,添加维生素B_1组饲料pH降低了1.31%(P0.05),干物质降低了0.70%(P0.01),饲料还原糖提高1.34%(P0.05);维生素B_1增加了有机酸含量,改善饲料适口性,提高营养价值。     

水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

不同品种燕麦牧草体外瘤胃降解和发酵特性的研究

为了解不同燕麦品种的瘤胃降解及发酵特性,采集10个燕麦品种（青海444、林纳、青引1号、青燕1号、青引2号、加燕2号、青海甜燕麦、骏马、莫妮卡、青莜3号）抽穗期全株样品,首先通过化学分析法测定其营养价值,然后选用3只体重接近的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年湘东肉羊作为瘤胃液供体动物,并利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵法对选取的牧草进行体外瘤胃发酵试验,测定发酵6、24、48、72 h的干物质降解率和48 h的产气量,以及发酵24 h挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度。结果表明：在不同品种燕麦牧草营养成分中,粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、半纤维素、淀粉含量存在显著差异（P<0.05）;营养成分含量范围：粗蛋白9.23%～13.69%、粗灰分7.30%～8.31%、NDF 47.46%～54.04%、ADF 24.52%～31.03%、半纤维素21.44%～26.64%、淀粉3.43%～4.27%、总能14.59～15.05 MJ/kg;加燕2号、青引1号的粗蛋白含量显著高于其他燕麦品种（P<0.05）。体外发酵参数差异亦存在显著差异,青海444的...     

药用红花生长发育规律的研究

根据药用红花根、叶、茎、分枝、花及生长中心的变化特点，将药用红花个体发育过程划分为莲座期、伸长期、分枝期、开花期及种子成熟期５个生育时期，红花一生有５２叶左右，以伸长期出叶速度最快，平均每２．０天出一叶，这一时期形成１７叶左右。叶面积在生育前期较小，至分枝期达最高值（４月中旬，３０７４．５ｃｍ＾２／ｐｉａｎｔ，叶面积指数５．５），且保持较高叶面积一定时间，以利于分枝和花的发育。红花在分枝期净同化率     

北疆高产棉花干物质积累与分配规律的研究

对北疆高产棉花干物质积累动态的分析表明，干物质积累的最快时期出现在盛花结铃期，干物质积累的关键时期在初花至盛铃期，在这段时间内，是利用水肥提高干物质积累量和控制产量形成的重要时期。     

拔节孕穗期受渍对小麦干物质产量,矿质营养和品质的影响

小麦拔节孕穗期受渍造成小麦严重减产，而排水则显著提高籽粒产量，有利于麦株吸收土壤中的氮、磷、钾矿质营养，对改善小麦籽粒的品质亦有较大作用，发展农田暗管排水降低地下水位对南方多雨地区小麦增产及改善品质有重大作用。     

二段式疲劳损伤累积规律及寿命估算

通过对大量疲劳损伤试验数据分析和理论研究,提出了不同加载顺序下的损伤折线拐点坐标公式及二段式疲劳损伤累积规律。本文提出的损伤折线比Miner损伤线更接近试验数据,疲劳寿命估算方法能用于各种加载情况。试验验证表明,本文方法估算寿命误差比Miner法显著降低。     

温度对土壤水分运动影响的研究

通过室内实验，分析了不同温度条件下水平入渗的湿润锋运移位置及累积入渗量与温度的关系，认为湿润锋运移位置和累积入渗量均随温度升高而增大；在一定温度范围内，湿润锋运移位置和累积入渗量与温度成幂函数关系；并建立考虑温度影响的湿润锋运移模型和累积入渗量模型，经实测资料进行验证，结果良好。     

灌溉土壤硝态氮运移与土壤湿度的关系

经室内地中渗透仪实验观测和对自然界一些现象的分析证实 ,灌溉土壤硝态氮的运移与土壤湿度有良好的相关关系。据此提出了提高灌溉土壤氮素利用率和减轻硝态氮对底土及地下水污染的措施。