提高性控冻精受胎率的几点注意事项

奶牛性控冻精在奶牛繁育上的应用,可以说是继人工授精、胚胎移植之后的第3次技术革命.可是在应用过程中由于性控冻精与非性控冻精相比价格要高出许多,有效精子数又相对较低(性控冻精300万每支,非性控冻精1000万每支),因此如何提高性控冻精的受胎率,就是我们目前应该急于解决的问题.现根据4年来的实践经验提出以下几点注意事项:     

巨噬细胞表型对子宫内膜异位症性不孕患者疗效及性激素水平的影响

目的 探讨巨噬细胞表型对子宫内膜异位症性不孕(EI)患者治疗效果及性激素水平的影响.方法 39例EI患者卵巢中异位子宫内膜样本分离细胞,流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞表型(M1和M2型),比较M1型和M2型患者症状评分、性激素水平及疗效差异.结果 39例EI患者中,22例为M1型,17例为M2型.治疗前后M1型患者症状评分、黄...     

围产期奶牛脂肪肝的综合防治

<正>奶牛肝脏内脂肪代谢受阻,使脂肪在肝脏中蓄积,并超过肝脏中正常含量的5%时,即称为脂肪肝。由于此病常发生于围产期的奶牛,所以又叫围产期奶牛脂肪肝。患病后由于奶牛的肝功能障碍,常导致胆汁分泌不足,影响消化功能;同时还容易伴发其它围产期疾病,如胎衣不下、生产瘫痪和子宫内膜炎等,从而使患牛的产奶量、繁殖力和免疫力受到不同程度的影响。     

金黄色葡萄球菌体外刺激奶牛外周血中性粒细胞对炎性因子分泌的影响

以体外培养的奶牛中性粒细胞为研究对象,用瑞氏姬姆萨染色和台盼蓝拒染法对分离培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞进行鉴定和活性检测,ELISA检测金黄色葡萄球菌感染体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10及IL-8的分泌情况,Western blot检测金黄色葡萄球菌感染体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中NF-κB的激活效应。结果显示,体外分离培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞纯度达99%,随着培养时间增加奶牛外周血中性粒细胞活性逐渐降低。ELISA检测结果显示,在3 h～24 h刺激时间范围内,随着金黄色葡萄球菌刺激时间的增加,与空白对照组相比体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中IL-10、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-8的分泌量均显著升高(P<0.001)。Western blot检测结果显示,在15 min～120 min刺激时间范围内,随着SA113感染时间的增加,与空白对照组相比体外培养的奶牛外周血中性粒细胞中IκBα磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.001)。研究结果表明,成功分离培养了奶牛外周血中性粒细胞;金黄色葡萄球菌(SA113株)刺激体外分离培养的奶牛外周血中性...     

基于融合坐标信息的改进YOLO V4模型识别奶牛面部

为实现奶牛个体的准确识别,基于YOLO V4目标检测网络,提出了一种融合坐标信息的奶牛面部识别模型。首先,采集71头奶牛面部图像数据集,并通过数据增强扩充提高模型的泛化性能。其次,在YOLO V4网络的特征提取层和检测头部分分别引入坐标注意力机制和包含坐标通道的坐标卷积模块,以增强模型对目标位置的敏感性,提高识别精度。试验结果表明,改进的YOLO V4模型能够有效提取奶牛个体面部特征,平均精度均值为93.68%,平均帧率为18帧/s,虽然检测速度低于无锚框的CenterNet,但平均精度均值提高了10.92%;与Faster R-CNN和SSD模型相比,在检测速度提高的同时,精度分别提高了1.51和16.32个百分点;与原始YOLO V4相比,mAP提高0.89%,同时检测速度基本不变。该研究为奶牛精准养殖中的牛脸图像识别提供了一种有效的技术支持。     

利用Kalman滤波和Hungarian算法的多目标奶牛嘴部跟踪及反刍监测

针对奶牛养殖场复杂环境下多目标奶牛嘴部自动跟踪及反刍监测困难的情况,该研究提出了一种基于嘴部区域跟踪的多目标奶牛反刍行为智能监测方法。在YOLOv4模型识别奶牛嘴部上下颚区域的基础上,以Kalman滤波和Hungarian算法跟踪上颚区域,并对同一奶牛目标的上颚和下颚区域进行关联匹配获取嘴部咀嚼曲线,以此获取反刍相关信息,从而实现多目标奶牛个体的嘴部跟踪和反刍行为监测;为解决奶牛快速摆头运动和棚舍栏杆遮挡引发奶牛标号变化的问题,提出未匹配跟踪框保持及扩大的方法。采集并选择实际养殖场环境下的反刍奶牛视频66段,对其中58段视频采取分帧操作得到图像,制作YOLOv4模型数据集,以其余8段视频验证跟踪方法和反刍行为判定方法的有效性。试验结果表明,YOLOv4模型对奶牛嘴部上颚、下颚区域的识别准确率分别为93.92%和92.46%;改进的跟踪算法可实现复杂环境下多目标奶牛嘴部区域的稳定跟踪,且有效解决了栏杆遮挡、快速摆头运动造成的奶牛标号变化现象,上下颚匹配率平均为99.89%,跟踪速度平均为31.85帧/s;由反刍行为判定方法获取的咀嚼次数正确率的平均值为96.93%,反刍时长误差的平均值为1.48 s。该研究可为实际养殖中多目标奶牛反刍行为的智能监测和分析提供参考,也可供其他群体动物运动部位的跟踪和行为监测借鉴。     

宁夏沙地增施奶牛粪肥对玉米生长及增产效应的研究

宁夏西北贫瘠沙地养分不足,限制了玉米的生长,利用周边养殖场的奶牛粪肥可有效改善土壤质量,促进玉米的健康生长和产量形成.掌握合理的农田粪污消纳能力,既可促进农田生产能力的提高,又可实现玉米生产的最大效益.以饲料玉米"绿博6号"为研究对象,在水肥一体化滴灌追肥的前提下分别基施3750(T1)、7500(T2)、11250(...     

Investigation of Clinical Medicine for Treating Cows Endometritis in Baotou Area

In 4 dairy farms located in Baotou area, clinical medicine investigation and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were conducted, and then curative effects of different treatment methods were analyzed.Epidemic materials were collected from diary cows infected by endometritis, from which pathogenic bacteria were isolated using conventional microbiology technologies.Broth microdilution method was used to detect the sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics commonly used in clinic.On this basis, the sensitive drugs were used to treat mastitis or endometritis, the clinical curative effect of traditional treatment group was compared with that of therapeutic test group.The result of traditional treatment group showed 13 antibiotics were used to treat 160 cases of endometritis, florfenicol was most effective, penicillin was most ineffective.The results of therapeutic test group showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus were the main pathogenic bacteria of endometritis, which were sensitive to gentamicin and cefalotin, etc.The results of statistical analysis showed that the curative effect of therapeutic test group was extremely significantly different from that of traditional treatment group(P<0.01).Sensitive drugs screened by drug sensitive test could be used to target therapy, and obtain satisfied curative effect.Moreover, this approach could avoid antibiotic abuse.     

奶牛乳腺炎主要病原菌的药物敏感性检测

为调查甘肃及周边地区奶牛乳腺炎主要病原菌的药物敏感性情况,对于从甘肃兰州市、宁夏吴忠市及青海民和县的382个临床型和隐性乳腺炎奶样中分离到的101株细菌,采用96孔板微量肉汤稀释法,以美国临床检验标准委员会(NCCLS)的临界浓度参数为标准,测定了这些分离菌株对11种抗生素的药物敏感性并计算其体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,99株分离菌株(98.02%)对红霉素、青霉素G、万古霉素和四环素不敏感,不适宜作为奶牛乳腺炎的临床用药,96株分离菌株(95.05%)对喹诺酮类及氨基糖苷类抗生素仍具有较高的敏感性,其中环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、卡那霉素抑菌效果最好,可在临床实践中参考选用。     

Identification of Suspected Stem/progenitor Cells in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Culture System

To develop the potential function of dairy cow mammary stem cells (DCMECs) in regulation of lactation,we identify putative DCMECs which were BrdU label retaining epithelial cells,at the same time,analysis the location of two new mammary stem cells molecular marks FNDC3B and PROCR to verify the feasibility of them to indicate DCMECs.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-1 and their receptors were detected along with cell passage by Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the proportion of BrdU label-retaining epithelial cells was nearly 0.4% after 25 d continuous culture (passaged 4 times) and few cells were positive for FNDC3B or PROCR.Moreover,we observed the BrdU labelled epithelial cells by asymmetric division.The mRNA levels of prolactin,growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and their receptors in primary and passage cells were extremely significant difference(P<0.01).DCMECs would rapidly lose some physiological characteristics and the ability of milk synthesis when not under the condition of induction of lactation differentiation,but a certain percentage of mammary stem/progenitor cells will be retained,whose potential effects on the regulation of lactation and mammary acinar remodeling were worthy of attention.