Effects of Inhibition of Different Rumen Microbial Activity on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Buffaloes

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH₄,pH,VFA,NH₃-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH₄ production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH₄ production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH₄ production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH₃-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH₄ yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH₄ production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism.     

益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对空肠弯曲杆菌flaA σ28启动子的抑制作用（英文）

为了研究益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对食源性有害微生物(空肠弯曲杆菌)有毒基因表达的抑制作用,以利用空肠弯曲杆菌的有毒基因flaA σ28启动子和无启动子的质粒pRYluxCDABE联结构建的生物冷光转基因模型为试验材料,通过检测生物发光特性的方法,研究了空肠弯曲杆菌有毒基因flaA表达与益生菌(5种双岐杆菌,6种乳酸杆菌)发酵乳无菌提取物之间的关系。结果表明,益生菌发酵乳无菌提取物对空肠弯曲杆菌flaA σ28启动子的活性有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),并可显著抑制空肠弯曲杆菌有害基因flaA的表达。     

香椿育苗技术

香椿,适应性广,南北方均可栽培。一、根孽分株育苗春季发芽前,在大香椿树周围按树冠大小挖50～70cm深、30～40cm宽的环树沟,切断部分侧根,在沟中施入农家肥并浇水,沟外堰培成土坨,在沟侧上会长出大量根孽     

奶牛微生态青贮饲料研究进展及添加剂和营养搭配

为了延长青饲料存放时间、有效的保存营养成分,将其进行青贮是生产上常用的方法。青贮过程当中常加入一些添加剂以提高青贮的质量和适口性。常用的添加剂有以下几种：（1）防腐剂。防腐剂主要指加入一些无机酸、有机酸、醛类等迅速降低青贮料的pH值，使其他杂菌死亡，以达到利用乳酸发酵的目的。     

肯尼亚的有机咖啡进入国际市场

肯尼亚中部普及有机咖啡生产，其市场价格高，咖啡农也因此受益。生产有机咖啡过程中用农业堆肥代替化肥、不施用杀虫剂和其他土壤添加剂，有利于环境保护，而且产量很高。     

固体发酵豆渣菌种的筛选

试验以豆渣为研究对象，初步筛选出5种霉菌和5种酵母茵进行固体发酵，以发酵物中的粗蛋白含量为主要指标来确定最佳菌种组合、接种比例以及接种量。结果表明：最佳菌种组合是米曲霉（3．042）＋产朊假丝酵母．接种比例为1：5，接种量为15％。     

溢多利（内蒙古）酶制剂发酵基地投产

2009年7月4日，由广东溢多利生物科技股份有限公司投资建设的年产20000吨酶制剂项目在溢多利（内蒙古）酶制剂发酵基地——呼和浩特市托克托县工业园隆重举行。     

解决冬季畜禽维生素不足的三个途径

1、添加胡萝卜 用胡萝卜拌饲料，可增加畜禽维生素A、维生索B、维生素E，给幼畜禽和泌乳的奶畜及种公畜饲喂，效果好。制作方法：将胡萝卜加工成丝与畜禽饲料混合饲喂即可。2、饲料发酵 把精饲料发酵喂畜禽，也是增加畜禽饲料维生素的一种好方法。因为发酵饲料中繁殖了大量酵母菌，即能增加饲料中蛋白质，又能增加多种维生素，     

发酵床填料操作与日常养护

发酵床填料操作及日常养护对于发酵床动物排泄物原位降解及养殖环境质量有直接影响。发酵床填料与维护得当．圈舍动物排泄物可迅速得到降解．恶臭成分得到转化，养殖床及硬化地面可保持相对清沽千爽，舍内无明显恶臭，空气质量良好。     

黑小麦、黑麦和小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及消化道发酵的影响

试验中使用576只1日龄的公雏（Cobb500），饲养5周，随机分成6组（每组8笼，每笼12个重复）。试验目的是评价不同谷物类型（小麦，黑麦，黑小麦）和添加外源木聚糖酶是否影响肉仔鸡生长性能和消化道生态系统的肠道食糜粘度、pH以及短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和乳酸（LA）的含量。以黑麦为基础的日粮组结果不及小麦日粮组和黑小麦日粮组，