科学高效追施尿素知要点

尿素是目前我国生产的固体氮肥中浓度最高的一种,其水溶液呈中性反应。尿素除用于作物的底肥外,绝大多数用于作物的追肥。那么,怎样才能提高尿素的追肥效果呢?主要应做到以下几点:1根据土壤肥力确定追肥数量     

改良果园土壤的有效措施

1果园土壤的深翻熟化 果园多建立在丘陵山地和河海滩涂,一般土质瘠薄、结构不良,有机质含量低,不利于果树的生长发育。因此,改良土壤的理化性状,才能使土壤中的水、肥、气、热得以协调,从而提高土壤肥力。对园土进行深翻,结合施用有机肥,是改良土壤特别是深层土壤的有效措施,因此,抓紧深翻培肥十分重要。     

我国松辽流域粮食生产资源配置效率及其变化特征研究

粮食是人类生存最基本的生活消费品,粮食问题事关一个国家的国计民生。松辽流域是中国重要的粮食主产区,承担着国家粮食生产的重任。本文运用松辽流域1986-2008年的粮食生产数据,采用非参数M alnquist指数方法,分析转型期的松辽流域粮食生产资源配置效率、变化特征及其主要制约因素。结果表明,松辽流域粮食生产资源投入要素并没有得到充分利用,技术效率变化率偏低,规模效率是制约粮食生产资源配置效率提高的主要因素。因此,政府应该加大力度推进技术进步,提高粮食生产的技术进步率;规范土地转租行为,同时加快农业剩余劳动力转移,实现规模经济,从而提高粮食生产率和资源配置效率,切实保障国家粮食安全。     

谈大豆高产栽培技术

一、种子的选用1.选择适宜的优良品种。要根据当地的自然条件（包括气候、土壤肥力等）、生产水平和品种的生态类型选择生育期适宜、抗逆性强、高产的优质大豆品种。要克服盲目引种,不要把外地高产田或信息及有些新闻媒介推销的品种甚至品系没经科学分析和试验,盲目的大量引种和应用,否则可能达不到预期效果。各地要根据当地的具体情况进行选择,做到因地制宜种植。2.种子精选。播前选种是提高种子质量的一项重要措施,种子质量好坏直接影响着大豆的苗齐、苗壮、苗全。＂母大子肥＂,粒大而整齐的种子能增产一成左右。因而,     

基于GIS技术的丽江金沙江流域烟区土壤肥力空间分析研究

 以云南省烟草公司丽江市公司的近两年烟田土壤采样点数据为数据基础,结合基本烟田分布、丽江市植烟适宜性区划模型、丽江市DEM等既有成果,确定土样数据的有效分析范围,以GIS技术手段结合地统计学理论,分析丽江金沙江流域烟区土壤肥力状况。研究选取有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷等4项指标展开统计分析。结果表明：有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷指标均有强变异性,指标数据呈正态分布或近似正态分布,基于半方差模型理论研究发现速效磷具有强空间相关性,有机质、碱解氮、速效钾具有中等空间相关性,选取普通克里格方法进行空间插值研究获得较好的效果。结果对指导丽江金沙江流域烟区现在烟草农业种植管理具有积极的指导意义。     

玉米大豆间作栽培效益高

1优点 1.1玉米大豆间作是用地养地相结合的一种生物学措施。有利于均衡利用土壤养分和防治病、虫、草害;能有效地改善土壤的理化性状,调节土壤肥力。     

长顺冗雷河小流域草地治理模式下土壤肥力评价

采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对贵州省长顺县冗雷河小流域坡耕地、人工草地和天然草地3种地类的全氮和碱解氮,全磷和有效磷,全钾和有效钾,酸碱度,有机质进行了研究,以层次分析法进行肥力综合评价,揭示冗雷河小流域草地治理模式下对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:坡耕地实施人工种草措施后,土壤全氮含量相对增加42.64%,碱解氮增加50.86%,中层和下层（20—30 cm）土壤碱解氮改善最为明显;土壤全磷含量相对增加45.24%,有效磷降低23.58%,坡耕地相比草地在全磷含量上相对较为匮乏,但用于作物吸收的有效磷素却高于人工草地;土壤全钾和有效钾含量降低,pH值无变化,其中全钾含量相对降低43.28%,有效钾降低37.32%;土壤有机质含量相对增加77.24%,其中表层（0—10 cm）、中层和下层土壤有机质含量分别提升48.06%,85.58%和107.78%,中层和下层土壤有机质含量改善幅度大。天然草地综合肥力指数最大,坡耕地最小,天然草地综合肥力指数是人工草地的1.09倍,是坡耕地的1.14倍,人工草地是坡耕地的1.05倍。土壤肥力整体水平上得到提升。     

Trends of Yield and Soil Fertility in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize System

The sustainability of the wheat-maize rotation is important to China＇s food security. Intensive cropping without recycling crop residues or other organic inputs results in the loss of soil organic matter （SOM） and nutrients, and is assumed to be non- sustainable. We evaluated the effects of nine different treatments on yields, nitrogen use efficiency, P and K balances, and soil fertility in a wheat-maize rotation system （1991-2010） on silt clay loam in Shaanxi, China. The treatments involved the application of recommended dose of nitrogen （N）, nitrogen and phosphorus （NP）, nitrogen and potassium （NK）, phosphorus and potassium （PK）, combined NPK, wheat or maize straw （S） with NPK （SNPK）, or dairy manure （M） with NPK （M1NPK and M2NPK）, along with an un-treated control treatment （CK）. The mean yields of wheat and maize ranged from 992 and 2 235 kg ha-1 under CK to 5 962 and 6 894 kg ha-1 under M2NPK treatment, respectively. Treatments in which either N or P was omitted （N, NK and PK） gave significantly lower crop yields than those in which both were applied. The crop yields obtained under NP, NPK and SNPK treatments were statistically identical, as were those obtained under SNPK and MNPK. However, M2NPK gave a significant higher wheat yield than NP, and MNPK gave significant higher maize yield than both NP and NPK. Wheat yields increased significantly （by 86 to 155 kg ha-1 yr-1） in treatments where NP was applied, but maize yields did not. In general, the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat was the highest under the NP and NPK treatments; for maize, it was the highest under MNPK treatment. The P balance was highly positive under MNPK treatment, increasing by 136 to 213 kg ha-1 annually. While the K balance was negative in most treatments, ranging from 31 to 217 kg ha^-1 yr^-1, levels of soil available K remained unchanged or increased over the 20 yr. SOM levels increased significantly in all treatments. Overall, the results indicated that combinations of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen, or retuming straw with NP is likely to improve soil fertility, increasing the yields achievable with wheat-maize system in a way which is environmentally and agronomically beneficial on the tested soil.     

广西黄冕林场桉树萌芽林土壤肥力变化分析

【目的】对广西黄冕林场的桉树萌芽林(1~4年)的土壤肥力变化规律进行分析研究,为该树种的科学施肥提供依据。【方法】利用灰色关联度分析方法对不同林龄桉树萌芽林土壤综合肥力进行分析,以土壤pH、有机质、全N、全P、全K、碱解N、有效P、速效K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、B、Fe、Mn作为评价指标,分析林地土壤综合肥力变化规律。【结果】林场土壤综合肥力在垂直梯度表现为:A层(0~20cm)>B层(20~40cm)。在整个轮伐期内,桉树萌芽林土壤综合肥力系数由0.608降低至0.595,表现出对土壤养分的最终消耗,各林龄桉树萌芽林土壤肥力大部分处于一般肥力水平(四级)。【结论】轮伐期内,土壤肥力先增加后降低,第2年后土壤肥力消耗量持续增大,施肥对土壤肥力的影响较大。     

Use of Human Excreta as Manure in Rural China

Empirical research has shown that the use of manure significantly improves crop yield, soil fertility and water and moisture conservation. Despite these documented benefits, however, there is a concern on the downward trend of manure use in agriculture in China. This paper examines factors contributing to this downward trend, with a particular focus on human excreta used in agriculture. Empirical analysis based on data from stratified random sampling of rural households in five provinces of China shows that about 85% of human excreta was still used as manure in agriculture in 2007 which was less than a decade ago when nearly all human excreta was used as manure. Econometric results suggest that income growth, rising population density and improvement in rural transportation significantly contribute to declining use of human excreta as manure in agriculture. These results imply that the current downward trend will continue given China＇s rising economic growth, urbanization and rural infrastructural improvement.