用小麦幼苗毒性指标标征土壤Cd污染的研究

用盆栽小麦幼苗地上部分的含Ｃｄ量、生物减产量和幼苗过氧化物酶ＰＯＤ活性突变点所对应的土壤含Ｃｄ量标征土壤Ｃｄ污染，结果表明是可行的。麦苗在三叶期、返青期、拔节期三段苗期，其地上部分的含Ｃｄ量都比抽穗期、成熟期的茎、叶、籽粒高，且与籽粒含Ｃｄ量、土壤投Ｃｄ量呈极显著正相关，苗含Ｃｄ量与苗ＰＯＤ活性变化呈显著正相关。据上三个毒性指标所计算的土壤Ｃｄ污染临界值分别为：达标临界值为０．７２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，减产临界值为１６．７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ＰＯＤ活性转折临界值为６ｍｇ／ｋｇ。三段苗期皆可为采样期，而以三叶期为最佳。     

土壤重金属污染对农作物的影响

本文对土壤重金属污染源、污染特征及污染过程进行了分析。针对土壤受重金属污染后，尤其是污染超过它的容量时，对农作物生长、农产品质量所造成的危害及通过食物链危害人群的生命和健康做了详细论述，并提出土壤污染的防治对策。首先应以防止污染为主，其次是防治，即：一是化学改衣法：二是调节２氧化还原条件来进行治理。     

污水灌溉对土壤的污染及其整治

通过对太行山前污水灌溉区土壤较高密度的采样和分析，揭示了该污灌区土壤中的某些重金属的含量及其分布特征，分析了污水灌溉的利弊，在此基础上提出了土壤污染的防治对策。     

黄河6条支流域非点源污染分布现状

对黄河流域6条支流域的土壤、河床泥沙、河流水体的非点源污染物荷载量进行了测定。结果表明,在黄河6条支流域土壤中,洛河流域硝态氮含量高达45.2 m g/kg,远高于其他流域;渭河、洛河、泾河流域土壤的铵态氮、有机质、全氮和全磷含量均高于无定河、窟野河、皇甫川流域,其中洛河流域土壤铵态氮含量最高,窟野河流域最低;无定河、窟野河、皇甫川流域土壤pH值高于渭河、洛河、泾河流域。各流域泥沙中硝态氮含量以渭河中的最高,并远高于其他河流;皇甫川流域泥沙中铵态氮含量最高,其次是泾河流域,窟野河流域最低;与土壤相比较,6条支流域泥沙中的铵态氮含量明显高于土壤,硝态氮含量明显低于土壤。渭河和泾河流域泥沙中的全氮含量差异较小,但均高于其余4条支流域。流域泥沙中全磷含量总体差异不大;泥沙中的有机质含量由高到低依次为:窟野河流域>泾河流域>渭河流域>洛河流域>皇甫川流域>无定河流域;窟野河流域泥沙中的硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和全氮含量在6条流域泥沙中都是最低的,但有机质含量在6条河流中却最高。水体中pH值以无定河流域的最大,渭河流域水体最小;渭河流域水体硝态氮含量最高;铵态氮含量以泾河水体中最高,窟野河最低;泾河水体的高锰酸盐指数远高于其他河流;6条河流水体的COD指数与高锰酸盐指数在6条河流中的差异趋势基本一致。     

湿沉淀对采汞地区山地土壤中汞的影响

There is abundance of Mercury mine resurces in the Fanjinshan Mountain,Mining mercury has a long history there,The concentration of geseous Hg produced in smelting He reaches 20-50mg/m^3 in the tail gas.Because mercury element is an easily transferring microelement,the paper talks about the effect of mercury in Hg mining in Guizhou Province on alpine soil,analyses Hg content in alpine soil at 2000 m of relative elevation in the Hg mining area,and explores for causes of the Hg pollution.     

黄土高原沟壑区土壤侵蚀评价指标体系——以中国王东沟流域为例

The Wangdonggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau in China was selected as the study area to develop a model for soil erosion assessments. Using the data collected at 20 sampling sites all tentatively selected indicators were assessed against their corresponding erosion intensity through a correlation analysis. Eight highly correlated indicators were then chosen for the soil erosion assessment. In addition, threshold limits to delineate the class size for these indicators and weights to rank them were determined. Next, a grading model incorporating the selected indicators class rating and their associated weights was developed and verified by an on site evaluation of the soil erosion intensity in the study area. Results of the verification showed that the overall accuracy of the indicator system for assessing soil erosion in the Loess Plateau gully regions could reach 85%.     

几种利用方式下酸性硫酸盐土的环境风险及其连锁效应

研究并比较了不同利用方式下酸性硫酸盐土酸形态和铝形态的结构特征，分析了硫形态与酸形态、酸形态与铝形态之间的相关性。研究发现，酸性硫酸盐土的不同利用类型中，土壤酸度由大到小依次为：鱼塘塘基、荒稻田＞稻田＞荒旱地＞改良稻田＞蔗田＞红树林迹地；活性铝含量由高到低依次为：荒旱地＞鱼塘塘基、荒稻田＞稻田＞改良稻田＞蔗田＞红树林迹地。土壤酸度和铝形态含量的层间差异较为显著，多数随深度增加呈逐渐上升的趋势。酸性硫酸盐土中的硫形态－酸－铝形态之间有明显的连锁关系。     

铜污染土壤修复的有机调控研究I.可溶性有机物和EDTA对污染红壤铜的释放作用

通过吸附-解吸试验和室内培养试验研究了EDTA和猪粪可溶性有机物(DOM)对红壤铜吸附-解吸特性的影响及对污染红壤铜的释放作用。结果表明,外加EDTA可明显降低红壤对铜的吸附率和解吸率;吸附率和解吸率与加入的EDTA含碳量的对数呈极显著的负相关。猪粪DOM在加入量小于21.9mgL^-1C时红壤铜吸附率、解吸率显著降低,符合直线方程;大于21.9 mgL^-1C时则使红壤铜吸附率、解吸率逐渐增大,可以对数方程拟合,相关性达到极显著水平。EDTA对污染红壤铜的释放作用随着EDTA:Cu摩尔比的增大而迅速增大,随着铜处理时间的延长而降低;在同一培养时间,外加铜浓度50 mgkg^-1时,EDTA对土壤铜的释放量占土壤铜总量的比例即提取效率高于100 mgkg^-1外源铜处理时的提取效率,但随着EDTA:Cu摩尔比的增大,两者的提取效率差异越来越小。     

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plants on Mn Mine Tailings

The Xiangtan Manganese （Mn） Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, China, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis （L.） Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metalenrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn, and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.     

土壤污染防治立法的意义

土壤污染对社会生态环境的可持续性发展以及人体健康带来了相当大的风险。然而,当前国内关于土壤污染防治的法律法规尚未健全,已经逐渐成为环境保护在土壤污染防治领域亟待解决的问题。本文从当前国内土壤污染的现状的角度阐述了土壤污染防治立法的必要性和重要意义。